瓶装饮料制造企业工人噪声暴露及高频听力损失关系分析  

High-frequency hearing loss of noise-exposure workers in bottled beverage manufacturing enterprises

作　　者：潘文娜[1] 刘可平 冯简青[1] 陈浩[1] PAN Wenna;LIU Keping;FENG Jianqing;CHEN Hao(Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528403,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《职业卫生与应急救援》2023年第1期73-78,共6页Occupational Health and Emergency Rescue

摘　　要：目的调查珠三角某市瓶装饮料制造企业生产线工人噪声暴露情况,分析高频听力损失的影响因素。方法选择该市7家瓶装饮料制造企业中接噪工龄≥1年的569名工人为研究对象,调查工人的噪声暴露情况、累积噪声暴露量(cumulative noise exposure,CNE)和高频听力损失(high-frequency hearing loss,HFHL)检出情况,用二元logistic回归模型分析不同个体特征和职业特征对接噪工人HFHL的影响。结果该市瓶装饮料制造企业生产线噪声声级为72.3~96.7 dB(A),38.49%岗位噪声水平超过国家职业卫生标准限值,工人HFHL双耳高频听力损失为109人,检出率为19.16%,高频听力损失组工人(n=109)的接噪声级、CNE、接噪工龄、年龄均高于听力正常组(n=460)(P<0.01)。存在噪声危害的岗位主要有包装岗位、灌装岗位、配料投料岗位、吹瓶岗位,灌装岗位、吹瓶岗位工人的接噪声级、累积噪声暴露量(CNE)均高于其他岗位工人(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄每增加1岁、CNE每增加1 dB(A)·年,工人发生HFHL的风险风别增加至原来的1.034、1.444倍(P<0.05);相比没有设置防护设施,有设置防护设施的工人发生HFHL的风险减少至原来的0.074倍(P<0.05);相比从不佩戴护耳器,偶尔、经常佩戴护耳器的工人发生HFHL的风险减少至原来的0.357、0.254倍(P<0.05)。结论灌装工和吹瓶工是瓶装饮料制造业的高危岗位,吹瓶工更甚。应采取提高生产工艺的自动化程度,降低工人的接噪时间,监督工人做好护耳器的佩戴,加强吹瓶岗位的防噪管理,以确保接噪工人不发生HFHL。Objective To investigate the noise exposure level of workers in the production line of bottled beverage manufacturing enterprises in a city in the Pearl River Delta,and analyze the influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss.Methods Totally 569 workers with at least 1 year of occupational noise exposure time in 7 bottled beverage manufacturing enterprises were studied;the noise exposure level,cumulative noise exposure(CNE),and high-frequency hearing loss(HFHL)of these workers were investigated.The effects of individual and/or occupational characteristics on the HFHL of noise-exposure workers were analyzed with a binary logistic regression model.Results The noise exposure level ranged from 72.3 to 96.7 dB(A),with 38.49%of the operation posts exceeding the national exposure limit.exposure limit.There were 109 workers with HFHL diagnosed,with prevalence of 19.16%.Obviously,the workers with HFHL(n=109)were older and had a higher noise level,a higher CNE,and a longer noise exposure time compared with the other workers without HFHL(n=460;P<0.01).The most affected workers worked at posts with a high noise level,such as packaging,filling,batching and feeding,and bottle-blowing posts,while the noise level and cumulative noise exposure(CNE)of workers working at filling and bottle-blowing posts were highest(P<0.05).The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of noise-exposure workers’HFHL increased by 1.034 and 1.444 times(P<0.05)for an age increase of 1 year and a CNE increase of 1 d B(A)per year,respectively.Compared with workers working at posts without protective facilities,the risk of HFHL for workers working at posts with protective facilities decreased to 0.074times(P<0.05);compared with workers never wearing ear protectors,the risk of HFHL for workers occasionally and often wearing ear protectors was reduced to 0.357 and 0.254 times,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusions The risk of a noise hazard at filling and bottle-blowing posts was high in the bottled beverage manufacturing industry.

关 键 词：瓶装饮料制造 噪声 高频听力损失 职业健康 累积噪声暴露量 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]