EMS诱导粒用高粱的突变体筛选和鉴定  

Screening and Identification of Grain Sorghum Mutants Induced With EMS

作　　者：于淼 陈冰嬬[1] 石贵山[1] 冯咏琪 杨永志 李海青[1] 唐玉劼 王鼐[1] YU Miao;CHEN Bingru;SHI Guishan;FENG Yongqi;YANG Yongzhi;LI Haiqing;TANG Yujie;WANG Nai(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130033;Jilin Seed Management General Station,Changchun,Jilin 130031;Jilin Province Hongliang Seed Technology Co.,Ltd.,Gongzhuling,Jilin 136100)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]吉林省种子管理总站,吉林长春130031 [3]吉林省红粮种业科技有限公司,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第1期1-7,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业创新工程(CXGC2021ZY106);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-A10);吉林省科技发展计划资助项目(20210202116NC)。

摘　　要：为确定粒用高粱EMS处理的最佳浓度和时间,并创制粒用高粱新种质,本研究以粒用高粱亲本系2055B和10125为试验材料,采用不同时间和不同浓度甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理,调查EMS诱变对高粱出苗、叶色、叶形、穗型、育性及生育期等农艺性状的影响。结果表明,两粒用高粱亲本系的出苗率、幼苗成活率、结实率均随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而降低,突变率则随着EMS诱变时间和浓度的增加而升高。同一水平EMS处理对两亲本的抑制作用不同,恢复系10125的出苗率、成苗率、结实率受抑制作用均小于保持系2055B。综合考虑出苗率、结实率和突变率等数据,2055B的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度为14 h和0.25%,10125的最佳诱变处理时间和浓度是14 h和0.3%。通过对诱变后M2代进行表型观察、鉴定和筛选,获得了早熟、矮秆、分蘖等性状的突变材料,初步构建了粒用高粱EMS突变体库,为开展高粱育种和功能基因定位提供了新种质和基础材料。The purpose of this experiment is to determine the optimal concentration and time of EMS treatment of grain sorghum,and to create new germplasm of grain sorghum.In this study,the parental lines 2055B and 10125 of grain sorghum were treated with ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)with different times and concentrations,and investigated the effects of EMS mutagenesis on agronomic traits such as seedling emergence,leaf color,leaf shape,panicle shape,fertility and growth period.The results showed that the emergence rate,seedling survival rate and seed setting rate of the two grain sorghum parent lines decreased with the increase of treatment time and concentration,while the mutation rate increased with the increase of treatment time and concentration.The same level of treatment had different inhibitory effects on the two parents,and the inhibitory effects of the restorer line 10125 on the emergence rate,seedling rate and seed setting rate were lower than those of the maintainer line 2055B.Considering the emergence rate,seed setting rate and mutation rate,the optimal mutagenesis treatment time and concentration of 2055B were 14 h and 0.25%,and the optimal mutagenesis treatment time and concentration of 10125 were 14 h and 0.3%.We obtained mutant material by observing,identifying and screening M2 phenotypes,such as early maturity,dwarf,tiller,and etc.And a mutant library of grain sorghum was preliminary constructed,which can provide new germplasm and basic materials for sorghum breeding and functional gene mapping.

关 键 词：粒用高粱 甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS) 突变体 筛选 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]