播深和播量对宁夏地区直播稻幼苗素质和产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Depth and Amount on Rice Seedling Growth and Yield in Ningxia Region

作　　者：杨文伟 石亚飞 高莲 张娟伟 陈丽[2] 孙建昌[2] 罗成科 YANG Wenwei;SHI Yafei;GAO Lian;ZHANG Juanwei;CHEN Li;SUN Jianchang;LUO Chengke(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021;Institute of Crops,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第1期148-158,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-13)。

摘　　要：为探究播深和播量对宁夏地区直播稻幼苗生长发育和产量的影响,以宁夏水稻主栽品种富源4号为试验材料,采用二因素裂区设计,设置4种播深:1、2、3和4 cm,4个播量:112.5、187.5、262.5和337.5 kg·hm^(-2),研究不同播深和播量对直播稻幼苗素质及其产量的影响。结果表明,播深×播量对水稻出苗率的影响存在显著的互作效应,其中播深1~2 cm、播量112.5~187.5 kg·hm^(-2)四种组合较其他组合的出苗率明显增加;幼苗素质中苗高、茎基宽、充实度和壮秧指数4个指标均在播深2 cm、播量262.5 kg·hm^(-2)组合中优于其他组合;发根力在播深2~3 cm、播量187.5 kg·hm^(-2)两种组合中优于其他组合;幼苗整齐度在播深3 cm、播量262.5 kg·hm^(-2)组合中优于其他组合。在幼苗素质指标中,播深×播量对充实度和壮秧指数的影响均存在极显著的互作效应。对于根系生理指标,根系活力、根系总吸收面积和根系活跃吸收面积在播深2 cm、播量187.5~262.5 kg·hm^(-2)和播深3 cm、播量187.5 kg·hm^(-2)三种组合中优于其他组合,且播深×播量对上述3个指标的影响均存在极显著互作效应。进一步通过隶属函数结合权重分析法对不同播深和播量组合下的12个幼苗素质相关指标进行综合评价(D值),筛选到播深2~3 cm、播量187.5~262.5 kg·hm^(-2)四种较优组合。产量分析结果表明,播深3 cm、播量187.5~262.5 kg·hm^(-2)两种组合较其他组合增产明显,增产率达到4.29%~17.10%。综上,适宜播深和播量组合(播深3 cm、播量187.5~262.5 kg·hm^(-2))通过提高发根力、幼苗整齐度和根系吸收面积等幼苗素质指标促进了直播稻幼苗的生长,改善了直播稻群体质量,从而增加了直播稻产量。本研究结果为宁夏地区水稻覆土直播栽培技术的构建奠定了理论基础。In order to explore effects of sowing depth and amount on seedling growth and yield of direct-seeding rice in Ningxia,the main rice variety Fuyuan No.4 was used as the test material.The two-factor split-plot design was adopted,with four sowing depths of 1,2,3 and 4 cm and four sowing rates of 112.5,187.5,262.5 and 337.5 kg·hm^(-2),to study the effects of different sowing depths and sowing rates on the seedling quality and yield of direct-seeding rice.The results showed that there was a significant interaction effect between sowing depth and sowing rate on the emergence rate of rice,among which the emergence rate of four combinations with sowing depth of 1~2 cm and sowing amount of 112.5~187.5 kg·hm^(-2) increased significantly compared with other combinations.In seedling quality,the four indexes of seedling height,stem base width,plumpness and strong seedling index were superior to other combinations coupled with sowing depth of 2 cm and sowing amount of 262.5 kg·hm^(-2).The rooting ability of two combinations of sowing depth of 2~3 cm and sowing amount of 187.5 kg·hm^(-2) was superior to other combinations,and the uniformity of seedlings was better than others with sowing depth of 3 cm and sowing amount of 262.5 kg·hm^(-2).Among the indexes of seedling quality,the effects of sowing depth multipled sowing amount on plumpness and strong seedling index have extremely significant interaction effects.As for root physiological indexes,the root vigor,total absorption area and active absorption area of root system in three combinations with sowing depth of 2 cm,sowing amount of 187.5~262.5 kg·hm^(-2),and sowing depth of 3 cm and sowing amount of 187.5 kg·hm^(-2) were better than other combinations,and there was a significant interaction effect between sowing depth and sowing amount on the above three indexes.Further,the membership function combined with weight analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate(D value)12 seedling quality related indexes under different sowing depth and sowing rate combinations,

关 键 词：直播稻 播深 播量 幼苗素质 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]