施氮量对江汉平原中低产田小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Low-and Medium-Yield Fields in the Jianghan Plain

作　　者：王壮志 杨蕊 李秀 张程翔 王小燕[1] WANG Zhuangzhi;YANG Rui;LI Xiu;ZHANG Chengxiang;WANG Xiaoyan(Agricultural College of Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization of Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Jingzhou Hubei 434025)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点试验室,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第1期159-168,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871578);科技部“十三五”重点研发项目(2016YFD0300107)。

摘　　要：为探究江汉平原地区中低产田小麦种植的最适施氮量,以适宜长江中下游流域种植的小麦品种郑麦9023与扬麦23为材料,设置0、135、180和225 kg·hm^(-2)4个纯氮施用量,研究施氮量对小麦籽粒产量及产量构成、氮素利用效率以及部分农艺性状的影响。结果表明,当施氮量在0~225 kg·hm^(-2)范围内时,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率逐渐降低,而小麦的旗叶相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)值、有效穗数、穗粒数和生物量逐渐增加,同时籽粒产量在施氮量为225 kg·hm^(-2)时最高,但与180 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量处理并无显著差异。在0~180 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量范围内,氮肥的增施可显著增加植株干物质积累量、氮素积累量和收获指数。在180 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量处理的基础上继续增施氮肥至225 kg·hm^(-2),并未显著增加小麦各生育时期植株干物质积累量。在不同施氮量处理下,扬麦23较郑麦9023平均增产19.8%,且有效穗粒数较多、穗数和千粒重较稳定、氮素吸收利用效率和收获指数较高,表现出较强的产量稳定性。此外,冗余分析结果表明,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力均与小麦籽粒产量呈显极著正相关。因此,在兼顾产量和投入的前提下,江汉平原地区中低产田小麦的施氮量以180 kg·hm^(-2)为宜,并伴有较高的氮素吸收利用效率。本研究结果为江汉平原地区中低产田小麦增产及氮肥高效利用提供了技术参考。The objective of this study is to determine the optimum nitrogen application rate for wheat plantation in low-and medium-yield fields of the Jianghan Plain.The effects of different pure nitrogen application rates(0,135,180,and 225 kg·hm^(-2))on the grain yield,yield composition,nitrogen use efficiency,and some agronomic traits of two wheat cultivars,namely Zhengmai 9023 and Yangmai 23,were studied.The two cultivars were selected owing to their suitability for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The results showed that the partial productivity and the agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer gradually decreased but the SPAD value of wheat flag leaf,panicle number,grain number and biomass gradually increased with increasing nitrogen application rate from 0 to 225 kg·hm^(-2).Meanwhile,grain yield was the highest at the nitrogen application rate of 225 kg·hm^(-2),despite being insignificant compared with nitrogen application rate of 180 kg·hm^(-2).Dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,and harvest index significantly increased with increasing nitrogen application rate from 0 to 180 kg·hm^(-2).However,the application rate of 225 kg·hm^(-2) did not significantly increase wheat dry matter compared with 180 kg·hm^(-2) in each growth period.Compared with Zhengmai 9023,Yangmai 23 produced a 19.8%higher yield on average under different nitrogen application rates,presenting marked yield stability with high effective grain number per spike number,stable panicle number,1000-grain weight,nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,and harvest index.Additionally,the results of redundancy analysis showed that apparent nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency,and nitrogen partial productivity were positively(P<0.01)correlated with wheat grain yield.Therefore,considering both yield and input,the optimum nitrogen application rate for wheat plantation in low-and medium-yield fields of the Jianghan Plain is 180 kg·hm^(-2),which is accompanied by higher nitrogen absorp

关 键 词：施氮量 小麦 产量 积累 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]