无细胞百日咳疫苗研发与接种现状及前景  

Present situation and prospect of development and vaccination of acellular pertussis vaccine

作　　者：崔乐乐(综述) 谌志筠[1] 何秋水(审校)[1,2] CUI Le-le;CHEN Zhi-yun;HE Qiu-shui(Department of Medical Microbiology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学基础医学院病原生物学系,北京100069 [2]芬兰图尔库大学医学微生物和免疫学系,芬兰图尔库20520

出　　处：《中国生物制品学杂志》2023年第2期235-239,244,共6页Chinese Journal of Biologicals

基　　金：国家十三五重大传染病防治科技重大专项(2017ZX10202101-004-001,2018ZX10715005-004-006);北京市自然科学基金-海淀原始创新联合基金前沿项目(19L2043)。

摘　　要：百日咳是传染性极强的呼吸系统疾病,主要影响婴幼儿。接种疫苗是预防百日咳感染的有效措施。无细胞百日咳疫苗(acellular pertussis vaccines,aPVs)因副作用更小,在许多国家已取代全细胞百日咳疫苗(whole-cell pertussis vaccines,wPVs)。尽管疫苗接种覆盖率较高,但aPVs的免疫力维持时间较短,被认为是百日咳重现的重要原因。针对百日咳疫苗的改进,基因脱毒疫苗及减毒活疫苗已取得了明显的临床效果,其他改进策略包括在现有aPVs中使用新型佐剂、增加抗原,或采用纳米颗粒包装等也具有良好的发展前景。本文就目前aPVs的抗原组分和保护效果,不同国家的接种程序,及潜在的百日咳疫苗候选组分和预防百日咳的新策略作一综述。Whooping cough(pertussis)is a highly contagious respiratory disease,which mainly affects infants and young children.Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent pertussis infection.Due to the fewer side effects,acellular pertussis vaccines(aPVs)have replaced whole-cell pertussis vaccine(wPVs)in many countries.Despite vaccination coverage is high,the short immunity induced by aPVs is considered to be significant reason for the re-emergence of pertussis.For improving pertussis vaccine,genetically detoxified vaccine and live attenuated vaccine have showed obvious clinical results and other strategies including using novel adjuvants in aPVs,increasing antigen or packaging aPVs with nanoparticles also have good prospects.This paper reviews the antigen composition and protective effects of aPVs,vaccination programs in different countries,potential candidate components of pertussis vaccine and new strategies for prevention of pertussis.

关 键 词：百日咳 无细胞百日咳疫苗 抗原 免疫接种 免疫反应 

分 类 号：R378.42[医药卫生—病原生物学]