多尺度碳/碳复合材料力学性能研究  

Mechanical Properties of Multiscale Carbon/Carbon Composites

作　　者：张欢 张一心 卢晨 荆云娟 张亮儒 ZHANG Huan;ZHANG Yi-xin;LU Chen;JING Yun-juan;ZHANG Liang-ru(Composite Material R&D Department,Shaanxi Yuanfeng Textile Technology Research Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710038,Shaanxi,China;School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi'an Polytechnic University,Xi'an 710048,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西元丰纺织技术研究有限公司复材研发部,陕西西安710038 [2]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《合成纤维》2023年第2期13-18,共6页Synthetic Fiber in China

摘　　要：碳/碳(C/C)复合材料在服役过程中基体热解碳(PyC)强度低、脆性大,导致基体开裂、界面层脱黏等结构失效现象频发,严重限制其在特种环境中的应用。提出利用化学气相渗透法构建碳纤维与基体间的低织构热解碳界面层,采用电泳共沉积法掺杂碳纳米管(CNTs)、碳化硅纳米线(SiCnws)于碳纤维表面,构建纳米纤维-碳纤维多尺度预制体,实现多尺度C/C复合材料的制备和改性。研究发现,CNTs&SiCnws掺杂能促进C/C复合材料的弯曲性能、层间剪切性能和面内压缩性能的改善。弯曲、层间剪切、面内压缩强度随CNTs&SiCnws含量的增加均表现为“先升高后降低”的规律,CNTs&SiCnws可诱导细化PyC结构,避免基体微观缺陷的产生,提高纤维与基体的界面结合力,达到协同增强多尺度C/C复合材料的效果。The Pyrocarbon(PyC)of matrix with low strength and high brittleness lead to frequent structural failures such as matrix cracking and interface layer debonding in the service process of carbon/carbon(C/C)composites,which seriously limits the the application of C/C composites in special environment.A low textured pyrolytic carbon interlayer between carbon fiber and matrix was constructed by chemical vapor infiltration.The carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and silicon carbide nanowires(SiCnws)were introduced on the surface of carbon fibers by the electrophoretic co-deposition method in order to construct nanofiber-carbon fiber multiscale preforms,and realize the preparation and modification of the multiscale C/C composites.Research finds that CNTs&SiCnws doping can improve the flexural property,interlaminar shear property and in-plane compression property of the C/C composites.With the increase of CNTs&SiCnws content,the flexural strength,interlaminar shear strength and in-plane compression strength all show a law of‘first increasing and then decreasing’.The doping of CNTs&SiCnws can induce the refinement of PyC structure,avoid the microdefects of the matrix,improve the interface bonding force of fiber and matrix,and achieve the synergistic enhancement effect of multi-scale C/C composites.

关 键 词：C/C复合材料 多尺度预制体 碳纳米管 碳化硅纳米线 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ343.9[化学工程—化纤工业]