格尔木市某焦化厂生产性粉尘的调查  

Investigation of productive dust in a coking plant in Golmud

作　　者：王静 宋惠平[1] 乔娟 高茂龙[2] WANG Jing;SONG Hui-ping;QIAO Juan;GAO Mao-long(Office,Beijing Geriatric Hospital,Beijing,100095,China;Office of Science and Technology Administration,Beijing Geriatric Hospital,Beijing,100095,China;Occupational Hazard Assessment Center,China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited,Beijing,100074,China)

机构地区：[1]北京老年医院院办,北京100095 [2]北京老年医院科技处,北京100095 [3]中国航天科工集团有限公司职业病危害评价中心,北京100074

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第2期160-164,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：北京市医院管理局基金项目(QML20182101)。

摘　　要：目的了解青海省格尔木市某焦化厂焦化装置运行过程中产生生产性粉尘的环节,评价所采取的防尘措施效果,分析焦化装置运行过程中生产性粉尘风险程度。方法2021年6月对青海省格尔木市某焦化厂进行职业卫生现场调查,对生产性粉尘进行现场采样与实验室检测,分析各岗位接触生产性粉尘的危害程度。结果格尔木市某焦化装置在备煤、炼焦、熄焦、焦线环节可产生煤尘和焦炭粉尘,经分析其游离二氧化硅含量均小于10%,配煤岗接触煤尘浓度为5.216 mg/m^(3),粉碎混合岗接触煤尘浓度为11.252 mg/m^(3),除尘工、切焦机工和放焦工短时间接触粉尘浓度均超过5倍的长时间允许接触浓度(>40 mg/m^(3)),上述岗位接触生产性粉尘均超过职业接触限值的要求,接尘岗位粉尘接触水平在Ⅱ~Ⅳ级,粉尘作业分级在0~Ⅱ级。结论青海省格尔木市某焦化炼焦企业作业环境较为恶劣,且有些生产环节员工直接暴露于生产性粉尘,应在日常工作中注重炼焦设备的维护保养,加强员工自我保护意识,提高管理者管理水平。Objective To understand the process of producing productive dust during the operation of the coking unit in a coking plant in Golmud,evaluate the effect of dust prevention measures,and analyze the risk degree of productive dust in the operation process of coking unit.Methods In June 2021,the occupational health field investigation was carried out in a coking plantin Golmud of Qinghai Province,and the productive dust was sampled and tested in laboratory to analyze the harm degree of exposure to productive dust at different posts.Results The coking unit in Golmud produced coal dust and coke dust in the link of coal preparation,coke making,coke quenching and coke line.The analysis showed that the free silica contents were less than 10%.The concentration of coal dust at coal preparation post was 5.216 mg/m^(3),and the that at pulverized mixing post was 11.252 mg/m^(3).The short-term exposure concentrations of dust in dust collector,coke cutter and coke release worker were more than five times of the long-term permissible contact concentration (>40 mg/m^(3)).The exposure to productive dust at the above posts exceeded the requirements of occupational exposure limits.The dust exposure level of dust-exposed post was in classⅡ-Ⅳ,and the dust operation was 0-Ⅱlevel.Conclusions The working environment of cokingplant in Golmudis relatively bad,and some employees in the production link are directly exposed to the productive dust.It is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance of coking equipment in daily work,strengthenthe awareness of self-protection of employees,and improvethe management level of managers.

关 键 词：焦化装置 生产性粉尘 接触水平 作业分级 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]