2017—2019年昆明市两城区大气细颗粒物中重金属分布特征及来源分析  

Analysis on distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmospheric fine particulate matter in two urban districts of Kunming City from 2017-2019

作　　者：苏晓梅[1] 李旭[1] 韩瑞萍[1] 董丽琼[1] 孙宏伟[1] 陈皓 SU Xiao-mei;LI Xu;HAN Rui-ping;DONG Li-qiong;SUN Hong-wei;CHEN Hao(Environmental Hygiene Division,Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming Yunnan,650228,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生科,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第2期239-242,246,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：昆明市科技计划项目(昆科计字2019-1-S-25318000001720号)。

摘　　要：目的 分析昆明市2个城区大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM_(2.5))分布特征及其中重金属的浓度水平和污染来源,为开展针对性健康防护、采取相应的干预措施和减少空气污染导致的健康危害提供科学依据。方法 2017—2019年每月10—16日,选择昆明市2个城区国控环境空气质量监测站点2 km范围内,距离地面15 m高的平台采集PM_(2.5)样品,测量其质量浓度,并分析其中12种重金属浓度水平。对重金属污染来源采用富集因子法进行分析。结果 2017—2019年昆明市2个城区PM_(2.5)日均浓度范围为8~89μg/m^(3),年均中位浓度分别为27、31和22μg/m^(3);季节浓度春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。砷(As)为2个城区主要重金属污染;在1类致癌物砷(As)、镉(Cd)和镀(Be)中,以As的浓度最高,As浓度冬季>秋季>春季>夏季,冬季和秋季As中位浓度超过GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》规定的二级浓度限值(0.006μg/m^(3))。富集因子法分析提示,锑(Sb)、As、Be、Cd、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、铅(Pb)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)和铊(Tl)有人为污染的可能。结论 昆明市两城区PM_(2.5)质量浓度呈逐年下降趋势,在全国处于较低水平。重金属污染以As较为突出,其污染水平在冬季和秋季较高。人为污染可能是重金属的主要来源。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) and the concentration level and pollution sourcesin two urban districts of Kunming City,provide scientific basis for health protection,effective intervention measures and reduction of health hazards caused by air pollution.Methods From 2017 to 2019,the PM_(2.5)samples were collected from platforms 15 m above the ground within 2 km of the state-controlled ambient air quality monitoring stations in two urban areas of Kunming City from 10th to 16th of each month,to measure their mass concentrations and analyze the concentration levels of 12 heavy metals.The source of heavy metals pollution was analyzed by enrichment factor method.Results The average daily concentration of PM_(2.5)was 8-89μg/m^(3)in the two urban areas of Kunming City from 2017 to 2019,and the median annual concentration was 27,31 and 22μg/m^(3),respectively.The seasonal distribution of concentration was spring>winter>autumn>summer,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The main heavy metal pollution in the two urban areas was As.The concentration of As was the highest among the classⅠcarcinogens of As,Cd and Be.The seasonal distribution of As concentration of was winter>autumn>spring>summer,and the median concentration of As in winter and autumn exceeded the secondary concentration limit (0.006μg/m^(3)) specified in GB 3095-2012 Ambient air quality standard.The enrichment factor analysis suggested that there were the possibility of anthropogenic contamination of Sb,As,Be,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb,Mn,Ni,Se and Tl.Conclusions The PM_(2.5)concentration in the two urban districts of Kunming City has been decreasing year by year and is at a low level in the whole country.The heavy metal pollution is more prominent in As,and its pollution level is higher in winter and autumn.The anthropogenic pollution may be the main source of heavy metals.

关 键 词：大气细颗粒物 重金属 分布特征 来源 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]