如何在教学中培养学生的思维和能力(4):类比与联想  

HOW TO CULTIVATE STUDENTS’ THINKING AND ABILITY IN TEACHING(4) : ANALOGY AND ASSOCIATION

作　　者：高云峰[1] GAO Yunfeng(School of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《力学与实践》2023年第1期163-168,共6页Mechanics in Engineering

摘　　要：类比和联想是一种创造性思维模式。类比通过对两个不同的对象进行比较,找出它们的相似点,然后以此为依据,把关于其中一个对象的结论推及另一对象。联想则是由某一概念、规律、理论等而引起其他相关的概念、规律、理论等。本文介绍了桁架由来的背景、转动惯量不同的处理方法以及卫星自旋稳定等三个案例,分别涉及材料的力学性能及提高材料效率的思路、张量在不同学科中的表现形式,以及自然界现象中隐藏着最大轴自旋稳定的原理。通过类比和联想,可以让学生更容易融会贯通,举一反三。Analogy and association is a creative thinking. Analogy is the process of comparing two different objects to find their similarities, and then extrapolate conclusions of one object to the other. Association is a certain concept, law, theory from other related concepts, laws, theories, etc. This paper introduces three cases,such as the background of the origin of the truss, the different processing methods of the moment of inertia and the satellite spin stability. They involved the mechanical properties of materials and ideas to improve the efficiency of materials, the expression forms of tensors in different disciplines and the principle of maximum axis spin stability hidden in the natural phenomena. Through analogy and association, it is easier for students to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study of the subject.

关 键 词：类比与联想 材料力学性能 转动惯量 最大轴自旋稳定 

分 类 号：O3[理学—力学]