机械压实对农田土壤性质及土壤侵蚀的影响研究进展  

Research progress in the effects of mechanical compaction on soil properties and soil erosion in farmland

作　　者：付娟 马仁明[1,2] 贾燕锋 范昊明[1,2] 郭成久 张博翔[1,2] 李爽 李梦缘[1,2] Fu Juan;Ma Renming;Jia Yanfeng;Fan Haoming;Guo Chengjiu;Zhang Boxiang;Li Shuang;Li Mengyuan(College of Water Conservancy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Control and Ecological Restoration in Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省水土流失防控与生态修复重点实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第S01期27-36,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500700);辽宁省教育厅科学研究项目(LSNQN202023)资助。

摘　　要：土壤是耕地的重要组成部分,也是农田生态系统的基础,健康的农田土壤对抵抗自然营力如风力、水力、风力等导致的土壤侵蚀至关重要。但随着近些年来农业机械的普及发展,农田土壤也遭受更严重的机械压实。机械作业过程中农田土壤遭受的压实对农田土壤理化性质及土壤生物产生不良影响,机械压实也使农田土壤抵抗侵蚀的能力受到影响,这种影响主要通过机械压实对土壤物理性质的影响间接实现。为明确农田机械压实的研究现状及压实对土壤侵蚀的影响机理,该研究概述了农田土壤机械压实的起因,阐述了机械压实对土壤性质的影响及其作用机理,讨论了机械压实间接影响土壤侵蚀的因素。总结发现,目前研究主要集中在机械压实对土壤性质的影响、土壤性质对土壤侵蚀的影响方面,鲜有研究机械压实对土壤侵蚀的影响机制。最后针对目前机械压实研究的不足提出了未来研究的方向,并探讨了农田土壤机械压实与土壤侵蚀之间的联系,以期将现有机械压实研究理论更好应用到实践,趋利避害,为国内农田土壤侵蚀防治提供参考。Soil provides the foundation of farmland ecosystems and is an important component of arable land.As well as providing a platform for plant growth,soil helps retain water,nutrients,and organic matter.Soil is also home to a variety of microorganisms and living organisms that play a key role in maintaining soil fertility.Healthy and active farmland soil play an important role in resisting soil erosion by rainfall runoff,wind,and snowmelt runoff.However,with the development of agricultural machinery to large,high-speed,low-consumption,joint operation direction,and the increase of the scale of agricultural mechanization in recent years,farmland soil has suffered from more serious mechanical compaction,which has become a global issue.In the process of agricultural operations,farmland soil is subjected to mechanical compaction,which has an impact on the soil’s physical properties,chemical properties,and soil biology.Mechanical compaction often makes farmland soil unsuitable for crop growth and reduces resist the ability to external erosion.Most studies found that mechanical compaction could increase soil bulk density,reduce soil porosity,weaken the stability of soil aggregates,reduce soil infiltration capacity,release soil nutrients,inhibit the ability of soil gas exchange,and break soil biological balance.It is worth paying attention to that the ability of farmland soil to resist erosion is also affected by the mechanical compaction of farmland operation.The influence of compaction on soil erosion resistance is mainly realized indirectly through the physical properties of compacted soil.This paper outlined the cause of mechanical compaction of farmland soil through describing the development of agricultural machinery and mechanical stresses on the soil,elaborated the effect of mechanical compaction on soil properties and their mechanism,and discussed the indirect effects of mechanical compaction on soil erosion.There are many researches on the effects of compaction on soil physical and chemical properties,but few stu

关 键 词：农业机械 土壤 侵蚀 压实作用 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]