调水工程对过水性湖泊中污染物迁移转化的影响  

Research on influence of water diversion projects on migration and transformation of contaminants in water-carrying lakes

作　　者：程浩淼 王安安 张健[3] 丁伟 卢建琴 CHENG Haomiao;WANG Anan;ZHANG Jian;DING Wei;LU Jianqin(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;School of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Jiangsu Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center,Nanjing 210029,China;Yangzhou Survey Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Yangzhou 225007,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]扬州大学水利科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [3]江苏省农村水利科技发展中心,江苏南京210029 [4]扬州市勘测设计研究院有限公司,江苏扬州225007

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第3期49-55,71,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177365,51809226);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(21)3071)。

摘　　要：调水工程是缓解水资源时空分布不均以及用水供需矛盾的主要工程措施,也是生态环境的重要修复手段。但调水工程的介入会对沿线过水性湖泊产生复杂的物理、化学、水文、微生物等影响,进而对湖泊污染物迁移转化机制造成影响。综述了不同引调水方案对过水性湖泊水体水动力、理化性质(悬浮颗粒(SPM)、透明度(WT)和溶解氧(DO))以及污染物(营养盐、重金属和有机污染物)迁移转化规律影响的研究进展。结果表明:调水工程的介入通常会增强过水性湖泊的水动力条件,且调度流量越大、湖泊水体越浅,则流速梯度和水流切应力越大。同时,增大的流速和切应力会影响上覆水体中SPM的形态特征,并增大SPM浓度、DO及小型湖泊中的WT。此外,引调水虽然能减小湖泊平均水龄,促进湖泊水体循环,但也会刺激湖泊营养盐、重金属和有机污染物的内源释放。因此,引调水工程可作为紧急情况下的应急措施,但并不能成为解决湖泊富营养化问题的根本措施。研究结果可为全面评估调水工程对湖泊水生态的影响以及制定更合理的引调水方案提供参考。A water diversion project(WDP)is one of the main engineering measures to relieve the uneven distribution of water resources and the conflict between water supply and demand.The WDP is also important for ecological environment restoration.However,the intervention of WDP inevitably have complex physical,chemical,hydrological,and aquatic biological effects on the water-carrying lakes along the diversion route.Furthermore,the migration and transformation mechanisms of contaminants in these lakes are also changed.We analyzed the effects of WDP on water hydrodynamics,physicochemical properties(i.e.,suspended particulate matter(SPM),water transparency(WT),and dissolved oxygen(DO))and contaminants(i.e.,nutrients,heavy metals,and organic pollutants)in water-carrying lakes.The result indicated that the WDP generally enhanced the hydrodynamic conditions in water-carrying lakes.The velocity gradient and water shear stress increased as the flow increased and the water depth was shallower.Meanwhile,the increased velocity and water shear stress affected the morphological characteristics of SPM,and increased SPM concentration,DO,and WT in small-scale lakes.Although the WDP reduced the average water age in the lake and promoted water circulation,it also stimulated the endogenous release of contaminants,including nutrients,heavy metals,and organic pollutants.Therefore,water diversion schemes could be used as emergency measures to improve water quality,and they could not become the fundamental measures to solve the problem of lake eutrophication.This research can provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of WDP on ecological environment in water-carrying lakes,and provide the scientific basis for establishing a more reasonable water diversion scheme.

关 键 词：污染物迁移转化 水动力 降解 过水性湖泊 调水工程 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]