圆口铜鱼资源变化及物种保护研究进展  

Research progress on resources variation and protection of Coreius guichenoti

作　　者：熊美华[1,2] 邵科 李伟涛[1,2] 朱滨 XIONG Meihua;SHAO Ke;LI Weitao;ZHU Bin(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center of Hydroecology Protection and Restoration,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]湖北省水生态保护与修复工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第3期63-71,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51409176,32202943);雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司资助项目(0023-19ZB0139);水利部三峡工程管理司三峡后续工作资助项目(12620200600020J005);水利部三峡工程管理司三峡水库库区基金资助项目(2136703);水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022015)。

摘　　要：圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,分布范围随着电站蓄水不断缩减并呈现出片段化,大坝建成运行几年后,库区不再有圆口铜鱼分布,坝下流水江段仍有圆口铜鱼分布;圆口铜鱼繁殖群体分布范围愈来愈窄,目前金沙江下游仅乌东德水电站坝下流水江段东川渡口能监测到亲鱼;攀枝花断面和巧家、皎平渡断面所监测到的圆口铜鱼产卵规模显著下降。通过对圆口铜鱼资源变化等研究进展的梳理,提出圆口铜鱼保护建议:加强栖息地和产卵场保护,构建人工产卵场;对圆口铜鱼人工种群应开展相应的遗传管理,并进行放流效果评估研究;修建过鱼设施,使圆口铜鱼能顺利通过大坝完成生殖洄游,保护其种群延续。Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry)is a national second-class key protected wild animal and an endemic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.It is a typical freshwater migratory fish in China.It is of great significance to study the resource changes of C.guichenoti under the construction of cascade hydropower stations for the protection of C.guichenoti.Based on the results of literature research and field monitoring,we found that the resources of C.guichenoti showed a downward trend,and the distribution range was reduced and fragmented with the damming.Generally,after several years of impoundment,there is no clue of C.guichenoti in the reservoir area,but any trail of this fish can be found at downstream flowing channel of the dam.At present the broodstock can be monitored only at the section of Dongchuan ferry under the Wudongde Dam in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River.The spawning scale of C.guichenoti monitored in the Panzhihua,Jiaopingdu and Qiaojia sections decreased significantly.Based on the review of research on the resource changes of C.guichenoti,it is suggested to strengthen the protection of habitats and spawning grounds,and construct the artificial spawning grounds;carry out genetic management for the artificial population of C.guichenoti and strengthen the research on the evaluation of the release effect;build fish passage facilities so that C.guichenoti can successfully pass through dams and other artificial obstacles to complete reproductive migration.

关 键 词：圆口铜鱼 物种保护 梯级电站 长江上游 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]