欧盟碳边境调节机制对中国钢铁行业的影响——基于产品碳足迹视角  

Impact of EU carbon border adjustment mechanism on China′s steel industry——Based on product carbon footprint perspective

作　　者：刘夏青 赵立华 LIU Xia-qing;ZHAO Li-hua(School of Applied Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;The Fifth Institute of Electronics of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,ISOM,Beijing 100041,China;Certification Center,China Electronics Standardization Institute,Beijing 100007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院,北京102488 [2]工业和信息化部电子第五研究所服务型制造研究院,北京100041 [3]中国电子技术标准化研究院认证中心,北京100007

出　　处：《中国冶金》2023年第2期135-140,共6页China Metallurgy

基　　金：工业和信息化部2021年委托课题资助项目(MIB2220217550)。

摘　　要：钢铁作为使用最广泛的工业原材料被欧盟碳边界调节机制(CBAM)列入首批实施碳边界调节的名单。中国是世界最大钢铁生产、消费及进出口国,CBAM的实施势必将对中国钢铁行业及供应链企业产生重大影响。根据欧盟CBAM最新法案内容,以钢铁产品“从摇篮到大门”碳足迹的视角出发,系统梳理研究CBAM产品碳排放核算方法,根据钢铁产品碳足迹特点,测算欧盟CBAM对钢铁行业的影响。研究表明,当中欧碳差价为50欧元/t时,中国钢铁企业面临3.32~4.03亿欧元的额外负担;当中欧碳差价为100欧元/t时,中国钢铁企业承担的额外负担为6.64~8.07亿欧元,对钢铁行业整体影响不大。但从钢铁间接贸易角度分析,CBAM外溢效应对中国钢铁行业及上下游产业影响不容小觑。研究将为钢铁行业应对CBAM及供应链企业未来低碳转型提供重要参考。As the most widely used industrial raw material,steel is included in the list of the first batch of carbon border adjustment by the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM).As China is the world′s largest producer,consumer,importer and exporter of steel,the implementation of CBAM is bound to have a significant impact on China′s steel industry and supply chain enterprises.Based on the latest CBAM bill,the carbon emission accounting method of CBAM products was systematically studied from perspective of"cradle to gate"carbon footprint of steel products,and the impact of CBAM on steel industry was measured according to the characteristics for carbon footprint of steel products.The study shows that when the carbon price difference between China and Europe is 50Euros per ton,Chinese steel enterprises face an additional burden of 332to 403million Euros.When the difference between Chinese and European carbon prices is 100Euros per ton,the additional burden for China′s steel enterprises is from 664to 807million Euros.The impact on the steel industry as a whole is not significant.However,the spillover effect of CBAM through indirect trade on China′s steel industry and upstream and downstream industries should not be underestimated.This study will provide an important reference for the steel industry to cope with CBAM and future low carbon transformation of supply chain companies.

关 键 词：欧盟碳边境调节机制 钢铁 影响 碳足迹 贸易 

分 类 号：F426.31[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]