复杂环境下高耸烟囱爆破拆除方案优化数值研究  

Numerical Study on Blasting Demolition Scheme Optimization of High-rise Chimney in Complex Environment

作　　者：张建华[1] 李江江 黄刚[1] 莫乃笛 申利远 ZHANG Jian-hua;LI Jiang-jiang;HUANG Gang;MO Nai-di;SHEN Li-yuan(School of Resources and Environment Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102220,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]中国消防救援学院,北京102220

出　　处：《爆破》2023年第1期115-123,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自科学基金面上项目(52174088)。

摘　　要：为实现复杂环境下62.8 m高砖结构烟囱的爆破拆除,充分考虑了烟囱的结构和周围环境,在东西北三面倒塌空间不足的情况下比较各种拆除方案。经分析初选单向折叠爆破和双向折叠爆破两种方案对烟囱进行爆破拆除,设计上下切口圆心角为220°,下切口设置在烟囱0.5 m高处,切口高度为2 m,上切口设置在烟囱30 m高处,对上切口参数进行模拟优化。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对初选方案进行倒塌效果对比,计算得出单向折叠爆破不满足拆除要求,遂选定双向折叠爆破。通过对1 m、1.5 m、2 m上切口高度和0.5 s、1 s、1.5 s、2 s、2.5 s上下切口爆破延期时差时间下的烟囱倒塌过程进行模拟,得到了不同工况条件下烟囱的倒塌过程和爆堆分布范围,分析比较后确定了上切口高度为1 m,上下切口爆破延期时差为1 s时,烟囱折叠效果最好,倒塌空间小。进行爆破振动和飞石防护相关安全防护措施设计后,爆破效果表明:在爆破过程中,烟囱按照设计方向顺利倒塌,周围建(构)筑物未出现损害,整体效果良好,到达预期目标。In order to realize the blasting demolition of 62.8 m high brick structure chimney in complex environment,various demolition options which fully consider the structure of the chimney and the surrounding environment were compared in the case of insufficient space for collapse on the east,west and north sides.After analysis,one-way and two-way folding blasting options were initially selected to blast and demolish the chimney.The circular angle of the upper and lower notch was designed as 220°.The lower notch was set as 2 m high at 0.5 m from the bottom of the chimney,while 30 m from the bottom of the chimney located the upper notch which parameters need to be simulated and optimized.ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software was used to compare the collapse effect of the preliminary scheme,and it was calculated that the one-way folding blasting did not meet the demolition requirements,so the two-way folding blasting was selected.Then the chimney collapse process was simulated with the upper cut height of 1m,1.5 m and 2 m and the delay times of 0.5 s,1 s,1.5 s,2 s and 2.5 s between the upper and the lower cut.After analyzing the collapse process and the distribution range of the blast pile of the chimney under different working conditions,it was determined that the best folding effect with a small collapse space happened when the upper cut height was 1m and the delay time was 1 s.Furthermore,safety measures which were related to blasting vibration and flyrock protection were designed.The blasting effect showed that the chimney collapsed smoothly according to the designed direction during the blasting process,and no damage occurred to the surrounding buildings(structures).The overall blasting demolition effect was good enough to meet the expected goal.It can provide a reference for related scholars and demolition projects.

关 键 词：砖结构烟囱 复杂环境 数值模拟 折叠爆破 参数优化 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]