论国际海底管理局在“区域”资源开发机制中的角色定位——国际组织法的视角  

On the Role of the International Seabed Authority in Resources Exploitation Mechanism in the Area:Perspective Based on the Law of International Organizations

作　　者：周江[1] ZHOU Jiang

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学海洋与自然资源法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2022年第6期33-48,共16页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大专项(19VHQ001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国际海底管理局作为推行国际海底区域制度的独立的国际组织,负有代表全人类行使对国际海底区域及其资源的权利的使命,但其在国际海底资源开发机制中的角色定位还不甚明朗。以国际组织法为视角,从国际海底管理局的职责、主要机关的权力配置来看,1982年《联合国海洋法公约》将国际海底管理局定位成一个理想的全能者的角色;1994年《关于执行〈联合国海洋法公约〉第十一部分的协定》,打破了国际海底管理局的全能幻想,使其更加精简。从国际海底管理局的规章制定过程、勘探规章和开发规章的内容来看,国际海底管理局正在纵向和横向地探索一个适当的角色定位。而在国际海底开发时代,国际海底管理局在开发机制中的角色定位应当是有执行力的分享者,这种执行力至少体现为对惠益分享规则的细化和对国际海底管理局内部机构分工的明确。As an independent international organization for the implementation of the regime of the Area, the International Seabed Authority has a mission to represent mankind in exercising their rights to the Area and its resources, but its role in resources exploitation mechanism in the Area is still unclear. From the perspective of the law of international organizations, judging from the duties, principles of action and the allocation of powers of the main organs of the International Seabed Authority, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has positioned the International Seabed Authority as an ideal almighty, the Agreement Relating to the Implementation of Part Ⅺ of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea broke the almighty fantasy of the International Seabed Authority and made it more streamlined;From the view of the process of formulating regulations by the International Seabed Authority and the content of exploration regulations and exploitation regulations, the International Seabed Authority is exploring power both vertically and horizontally and seeking an appropriate role orientation. In the era of exploitation in the Area, the role of the International Seabed Authority in resources exploitation mechanism in the Area should be a sharer with execution, and the execution is at least reflected in refining the benefit sharing rules and in the clear division of labor within the International Seabed Authority.

关 键 词：国际海底区域 开发机制 国际海底管理局 国际组织法 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]