2019—2021年河南省红十字血液中心输血不良反应调查及影响因素  

Investigation on Adverse Reactions of Blood Transfusion in Blood Centers From 2019 To 2021 and Influencing Factors

作　　者：张玉红[1] 王娜[1] 刘玉振[1] 成琳[1] ZHANG Yuhong;WANG Na;LIU Yuzhen;CHENG Lin(Henan Red Cross Blood Center,Zhengzhou 450012,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省红十字血液中心,河南郑州450012

出　　处：《河南医学研究》2023年第4期641-644,共4页Henan Medical Research

摘　　要：目的 探究2019—2021年河南省红十字血液中心输血不良反应发生情况及影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2021年12月在河南省红十字血液中心符合国家《献血者健康检查标准》的83 927例血液样本的资料,观察不良反应发生情况及分布特点;对患者接受输血治疗后不良反应的影响因素进行单因素与多因素分析。结果 83 927例患者中,过敏总发生率(0.63%)高于体温过高(0.35%)、溶血(0)与其他(0)(P<0.05)。在83 927例输血患者中,出现输血不良反应者825例,发生率为0.98%,其中2019年输血不良反应总数232例,2020年输血不良反应总数271例,2021年输血不良反应总数322例;输血不良反应中,以过敏为主,共530例,占比0.63%;输血类型中,红细胞类及血浆类输血不良反应的发生率最高。2019年各类输血的过敏发生率、红细胞类输血中体温过高的发生率均高于2020、2021年(P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、输血史、过敏史、原发性血液疾病史、血制品是否滤除白细胞均为影响患者输血发生不良反应的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 血液中心输血不良反应多以过敏为主,女性、老年人、存在输血史、过敏史及原发性血液疾病史以及血制品未滤除白细胞的患者不良反应发生率更高,临床需加强对该类患者的关注,为降低输血不良反应的发生率进行早期干预。Objective To explore the incidence and influencing factors of adverse blood transfusion reactions in the Red Cross Blood Center of Henan Province from 2019 to 2021.Methods The data of 83 927 blood samples from January 2019 to December 2021 in Henan Red Cross Blood Center who met the national “Health Checkup Standards for Blood Donors” were retrospectively analyzed, and the occurrence and distribution characteristics of adverse reactions were observed. The patients received blood transfusion therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on the influencing factors of postoperative adverse reactions.Results In 83 927 patients, the total incidence of allergy(0.63%) was higher than that of hyperthermia(0.35%), hemolysis(0) and other(0)(P<0.05). Among the 83 927 blood transfusion patients, 825 had adverse blood transfusion reactions, with an incidence rate of 0.98%, including 232 adverse blood transfusion reactions in 2019, 271 in 2020, and 322 in 2021. Among the reactions, allergy was the main one, with a total of 530 cases, accounting for 0.63%. Among the types of blood transfusion, erythrocyte and plasma transfusion had the highest incidence of adverse reactions. The incidence of allergy and hyperthermia in red blood cell transfusion in 2019 were higher than those in 2020 and 2021(P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, history of blood transfusion, history of allergies, history of primary blood diseases, and whether blood products filtered leukocytes were independent risk factors for adverse reactions to blood transfusion(P<0.05).Conclusion The adverse reactions of blood transfusion in the blood center are mostly allergies. The incidence of adverse reactions is higher in women, elderly, with a history of blood transfusion, allergy and primary blood diseases, and blood products to not filter leukocytes. The concern of such patients is early intervention in order to reduce the incidence of adverse blood transfusion reactions.

关 键 词：输血 不良反应 调查 影响因素 血液中心 

分 类 号：R457.13[医药卫生—治疗学]