离身经验的心理学解释与实验证据  

The Psychological Explanations and Experimental Evidences of Out-of-Body Experiences

作　　者：徐献军 陈巍 Xu Xianjun;Chen Wei(Department of Psychology,School of Humanities,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092;Department of Psychology,Shaoxing University,Shaoxing 312000)

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院心理学系,上海200092 [2]绍兴文理学院心理学系,绍兴312000

出　　处：《心理学探新》2022年第4期297-304,共8页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：同济大学一流学科建设“欧洲思想文化与中欧文明交流互鉴”子课题“欧洲的哲学心理学研究”;浙江省哲学社会科学规划新兴交叉学科重大扶持项目(21XXJC05ZD)。

摘　　要：有关离身经验的研究有助于当前心理学与认知科学深化对自我及具身认知的认识。进入21世纪以来,通过诱发离身经验之脑与神经科学研究,长期以来笼罩在离身经验上的神秘面纱,在一定程度上得以澄清。当前有关离身经验的科学心理学解释主要包括:诱发离身经验的神经相关物解释、诱发离身经验的身体拥有错觉解释、精神活性物质效用的解释、自发离身经验的特殊性解释。然而,当前的实验心理学与神经科学解释主要侧重于诱发离身经验,而对自发离身经验的解释则有待新的科学框架与理论予以审视。未来的跨学科研究需要继续探索离身经验究竟是一种纯粹的幻觉还是一种实在的知觉,建构更为系统、科学的身体自我意识理论框架来解释离身经验,并利用新兴神经科学技术揭示精神活性物质影响离身经验的、潜在的脑与神经生物学机制。The research on out-of-body experiences(OBE)can help psychology and cognitive sciences to deepen the understanding of self and embodied cognition.Since the beginning of the 21st century,with the research of brain and neuroscience that induces OBE,the mystery shrouded in OBE for a long time has been clarified to a certain extent.The current scientific and psychological explanations about OBE mainly include:the neurological correlations of inducingOBE,the illusion of body ownership during inducing OBE,the psychoactive substances’effect on inducing OBE,and the specific explanation of the spontaneous OBE.What experimental psychology and neuroscience can successfully explain is mainly the inducing OBE,while the explanation of the spontaneous OBE needs to be examined within new scientific frameworks.Future interdisciplinary research needs to continue to explore whether OBE is a pure illusion or a real perception,construct a more systematic and scientific theoretical framework of physical self-awareness to explain OBE,and use emerging technology of neuroscience to reveal how psychoactive substances affect the underlying cerebral and neurobiological mechanisms of OBE.

关 键 词：离身经验 自窥症 自我 具身认知 意识 颞顶联结区 

分 类 号：B8409[哲学宗教—心理学]