秦司乐官署“外乐”的设置及职能——以张家山汉简《奏谳书》“乐人讲”践更外乐为中心的讨论  

Waiyue’s Setting and Function of Qin’s Music Institution:A Discussion Focusing on Musician’s Comment on“Jian Geng Waiyue”in Zouyanshu which Belongs to Zhangjiashan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：李立 Li Li

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2023年第2期107-112,共6页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“考古新材料与秦汉文学发展演变的动因与机制问题研究”(18BZW106)。

摘　　要：外乐对自由民乐人的组织和管理,与外乐采用践更的服役形式是一个问题的两个方面。《二年律令·史律》中的杜主祠乐人以践更的服役形式而与大祝所形成的“属”的关系,既反映了同样是自由民乐人的杜主祠乐人与践更服役形式之间的内在关联性,同时也揭示了大祝在自由民乐人所从事的乐事活动中所负有的组织和管理职责,这就为了解外乐所职掌的乐事活动的特点和性质创造了条件。有关外乐的设置及其与其他司乐官署关系的问题,不但需要以秦咸阳宫为地理坐标的内、外方位视阈来考察,还需要从渭北宫城与渭南郊庙礼仪中心的内、外用乐需求的角度出发来审视。外乐是职掌渭南郊庙礼仪用乐的司乐官署。Waiyue’s organization and management of free folk musician and implement the form of service which called“Jian Geng”are two sides of the same coin.The relationship between Duzhu ancestral musician and Dazhu in the form of“Jian Geng”in Two Year Laws:History Laws reflects the intrinsic correlation between Duzhu ancestral musician,who were also free folk musician,and the form of“Jian Geng”in public service,but also reveals the organizational and managerial role of Dazhu in the musical activities performed by the free folk musician.This creates the conditions for understanding the character and nature of the musical activities performed by Waiyue.Questions about the establishment of Waiyue and its relationship with the other music offices needs to be investigated not only from the perspective of the internal and external orientation of Qin Xianyang Palace,but also from the perspective of the internal and external music needs of Weibei Palace and Weinan suburban temple etiquette centre.Waiyue is the official music office responsible for Weinan suburban temple etiquette music.

关 键 词：秦司乐官署 外乐 自由民乐人 践更 郊庙礼仪用乐 

分 类 号：K852[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]