施氮量对嫁接冬瓜干物质积累与氮素吸收利用的影响  

Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Dry Matter Accumulation,Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization of Grafted Wax Gourd

作　　者：廖道龙 黄项心兰[1] 刘子凡 符厚隆[1] 符君玉 LIAO Daolong;HUANG Xiangxinlan;LIU Zifan;FU Houlong;FU Junyu(College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;Institute of Vegetables,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571100)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口571100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第4期33-38,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：海南省重点研发资助项目(ZDYF2020069)。

摘　　要：以‘海砧1号’为砧木,‘铁柱168’为接穗获得嫁接冬瓜材料,设置每667 m215、30、45 kg(用N15、N30和N45表示)3个施氮量,分析伸蔓初期、开花初期、果实膨大前期和果实膨大中后期4个生育时期各器官干物质积累量和氮含量的差异及冬瓜产量、氮素生理效率、氮素吸收与利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和收获指数对施氮量的响应,以期为嫁接冬瓜氮肥施用及配套管理提供参考依据。结果表明:1)3个施氮量对茎、叶、果干质量的影响在4个生育时期均未达到显著水平,茎、叶干质量均呈现随着生育时期的延长先显著增加后保持相对稳定的变化趋势;N15和N30处理果实膨大中后期的果干质量显著高于果实膨大前期,N45处理果实膨大前期与果实膨大中后期的果干质量无明显差异。2)3个施氮量之间的茎、叶氮含量在伸蔓初期和果实膨大中后期均无明显差异;N15处理伸蔓初期至果实膨大初期叶氮含量一直保持相对稳定,至果实膨大中后期显著下降;N30和N45处理伸蔓初期叶氮含量显著低于开花初期,随后明显下降,但果实膨大初期与果实膨大中后期无显著差异。3)3个施氮量之间的氮素利用效率和产量均无显著差异;N15处理的氮素生理效率、氮素吸收效率、氮肥偏生产力和收获指数均显著大于N45和N30处理;N30处理的氮素吸收效率和氮肥偏生产力显著大于N45。综上,当前施氮量下每667 m2冬瓜施氮量可减至15 kg,及时采取摘心打杈、摘除卷须等措施抑制营养器官的生长以提高冬瓜产量。Taking the grafted wax gourd as the test material,which was obtained using‘Haizhen No.1’as rootstock and‘Tiezhu 168’as scion,three treatments of 15,30 kg and 45 kg per 667m~2(represented by N15,N30 and N45)were set.Dry matter mass and nitrogen content of wax gourd organs were measured at four growth stages,early spreading,early flowering,early fruit expansion and middle and late fruit expansion.Then,yield,nitrogen physiological efficiency,nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiency,partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer and harvest index were analyzed,in order to provide reference for nitrogen fertilization and cultivation management of the grafted wax gourd.The results showed that,1)The effect of nitrogen application rate on dry matter accumulation of stem,leaf and fruit was not significant in the four growth stages,the stem and leaf dry weight of the three nitrogen application rates increased significantly first and then remained relatively stable with the prolonging of growth period,the fruit dry weight of N15 and N30 treatment in middle and late fruit expansion was significantly higher than in early fruit expansion,there was no significant difference in fruit dry weight between N45 treatment at the early and middle stages of fruit enlargement.2)There was no significant difference in the nitrogen content of stem and leaf among the three nitrogen application rates in the early stage of spreading and the middle and late stage of fruit expansion,leaf nitrogen content of N15 treatment remained relatively stable from the early stage of spreading to the early stage of fruit expansion,and decreased significantly at the middle and late stage of fruit expansion,the leaf nitrogen content of N30 and N45 treatments at the early stage of extension were significantly lower than at the early stage of flowering,and then decreased significantly,but there was no significant difference between the early stage of fruit expansion and the middle and late stage of fruit expansion.3)There were no significant differenc

关 键 词：施氮量 嫁接冬瓜 干物质积累 氮素吸收 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S642.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]