助推戒烟的行为干预策略  

Behavioral intervention strategies to nudge smoking cessation

作　　者：张宁[1] 王安然 ZHANG Ning;WANG Anran(Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Data Analytics ofthe Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院和附属第二医院,杭州310058

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第4期684-696,共13页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(519600*17222022203);浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(人文社科类Y202248593);浙江省领军型创新创业团队(2019R01007);浙江大学公共卫生学院院长基金科研预研项目(188021-171257702/004/019)。

摘　　要：烟草危害是人类所面临的重大公共健康挑战之一。传统的控烟策略主要依赖健康宣教、烟草税和控烟条例等手段,但是较少考虑到吸烟行为的“非理性因素”及其心理机制,因此仍不能有效帮助吸烟者成功戒烟。行为科学的发展为助推吸烟者成功戒烟提供了新视角。以实施主体和干预的影响机制为划分标准,可将助推戒烟的行为干预策略分为由政府和公共健康服务部门执行的情境型干预策略和认知型干预策略以及吸烟者可自主执行的情境型和认知型干预策略,一方面便于吸烟者和相关部门选取可执行的戒烟行为干预策略,另一方面为进一步开发和验证助推戒烟的行为干预策略提供参考。虽然基于行为科学的助推干预策略已经取得了一定的进展,未来研究仍有必要进一步在真实世界中验证和评估戒烟助推干预策略的效果。未来也有必要进一步将行为改变技术融入到数字化的戒烟服务或应用小程序中去以提升其效果。未来也需要考察如何应用戒烟助推干预策略防止电子烟产品的负面影响并减少这类策略的误用和滥用。Smoking is one of the major public health challenges around the world.Traditional tobacco control strategies,which include health education,taxes on tobacco products,and restrictions on smoking in public spaces,have greatly contributed to the reduction of smoking behavior around the world.However,these strategies are not enough to help smokers successfully quit smoking.Recent advances in applied behavioral sciences provide new approaches for nudging smokers to quit smoking,this review reviewed recent empirical research on behavioral intervention strategies to nudge smoking cessation according to practitioners’(e.g.,smokers/governments and public health agencies)perspectives and the underlying mechanisms(e.g.,cognitively oriented versus environment oriented)of these strategies.This framework makes it easier for governments and smokers to select appropriate behavioral nudge interventions.It also has implications for informing the development of culturally sensitive and adaptive behavioral intervention strategies for promoting smoking cessation in China,improving the efficiency and effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions,and contributing to the achievement of the“Tobacco Control Initiatives”of the“Healthy China 2030 Initiatives”.Although there is progress in developing effective behavioral nudge interventions for smoking cessation,future research is warranted to adopt behavioral change strategies into the development of stop-smoking APPs and test its effectiveness in real world contexts.Future research is also needed to preclude the negative impacts of e-cigarettes and prevent the misuse of these behavior nudge strategies.

关 键 词：戒烟 控烟行动 助推 行为干预 行为公共健康 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]