跨期决策中的维度差异偏好:眼动证据  

Preference of dimension-based difference in intertemporal choice:Eye-tracking evidence

作　　者：刘洪志 杨钘兰 李秋月 魏子晗 LIU Hong-Zhi;YANG Xing-Lan;LI Qiu-Yue;WEI Zi-Han(Faculty of Psychology,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education,Academy of Psychology and Behavior,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students’Mental Development and Learning,Tianjin 300387,China;Department of Social Psychology,Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China;Laboratory of Behavioral Economics and Policy Simulation,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学心理学部,天津300387 [2]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院,天津300387 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387 [4]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会心理学系,天津300350 [5]南开大学经济行为与政策模拟实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第4期612-625,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71901126,72001158);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(19YJC190013);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(63222045)资助。

摘　　要：在跨期决策研究领域,虽然基于维度的跨期模型得到了一些源自结果检验和过程检验的证据支持,但此类模型所假设的维度间差异比较的心理过程尚缺乏直接的过程证据。本研究通过两个眼动实验,系统考察了相关眼动指标对维度差异偏好的预测效应。结果发现,根据基于维度的权衡模型可有效拟合出个体在跨期决策中的维度差异偏好,并且反应时、眼跳注视熵和静态注视熵等指标均与维度差异偏好负相关,而基于维度的注意分配与维度差异判断正相关。这些研究发现支持了本研究所提出的跨期眼动模型的相关假设,证实了维度差异偏好与跨期决策的认知加工过程之间的联系,为基于维度的跨期模型提供了更直接的过程证据,并为今后跨期决策的眼动模型发展指明了新方向。Intertemporal choice is an important and ubiquitous concept that refers to decisions involving tradeoffs among outcomes at different points of time.It is not only a unique feature of human behavior but also relevant to policymaking and national welfare.Dimension-based models,such as tradeoff model,equate-to-differentiate theory,and similarity model,assume that individuals tend to compare the difference between dimensions of delay and outcome before deciding on a single dimension when choosing between a smaller-sooner option and a larger-later one.Considerable empirical evidence from behavioral and process data supports the use of dimension-based models.The existing dimension-based models provide qualitative explanations for an individual’s intertemporal choice and focus on“which dimension is the greater difference dimension”,but ignore the preference of dimension-based difference(i.e.,“how much different of the difference between the two dimensions”).In the present study,we used eye-tracking technology to examine the relationship between the preference of dimension-based difference,which is estimated by the tradeoff model,and the information searching process,which is reflected by eye-tracking measures.Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.A total of 75 college students(61 females;mean age=20.9±2.4 years)participated in Experiment 1.Participants were told to complete two tasks.In the intertemporal choice task,participants chose their preferred option between the two intertemporal options,and their eye movements were recorded in the task.In the analogue scale task,participants were asked to indicate their subjective dimension-based difference judgment by using numbers 1~7.In Experiment 2,we recruited 59 college students(33 females;mean age=21.9±2.1 years)to participate in the experiment.The tasks and procedures were similar to Experiment 1 except that the participants were asked to repeat the intertemporal choice task twice.The results indicated that preference of dimension-based differ

关 键 词：跨期决策 基于维度的跨期模型 维度差异偏好 眼动追踪技术 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]