257份高粱种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性  

Genetic diversity of agronomic traits of 257 sorghum germplasm resources

作　　者：高旭[1] 冯周 丁延庆 徐建霞 曹宁 程斌 汪灿[1] 张立异[1] GAO Xu;FENG Zhou;DING Yan-qing;XU Jian-xia;CAO Ning;CHENG Bin;WANG Can;ZHANG Li-yi(Institute of Upland Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;College of Agronomy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所,贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第1期1-10,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160459);贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合基础-ZK(2022)一般235],黔科合基础项目[(2020)1Y103];贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目[黔农科院青年科技基金(2021)23]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明来自中国的257份高粱种质资源产量相关性状的遗传多样性,为贵州酒用高粱种质资源创新与新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】对257份高粱种质资源的15个数值型性状和3个描述型性状进行相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,评估其遗传变异情况。【结果】在15个数值型农艺性状中,平均变异系数为19.83%,平均遗传多样性指数为2.04,变异系数以最长一级枝梗最大(33.16%),长宽比最小(9.4%);遗传多样性指数以株高最大(2.09),最长一级支梗最小(1.94)。在3个描述型性状中,籽粒颜色遗传多样性指数最高(1.69),其次是穗形(1.53),穗型最低(1.30)。相关性分析表明,15个数值性状之间存在不同程度的相关性,其中,粒长、粒宽均与长宽比呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.91和0.86,穗长与最长一级支梗数和叶鞘长呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为0.88和0.81。主成分分析表明,15个数值型农艺性状可分为5个主成分,累积贡献率为82.40%。聚类分析表明,257份高粱种质资源划分为3个类群,类群Ⅰ中的高粱资源具有较大的千粒重,类群Ⅱ中的高粱穗型多为中散型,且株高较矮,类群Ⅲ中的种质主要表现为植株较高。【结论】257份高粱种质资源在18个农艺性状上均表现出丰富的遗传多样性,一些株型相关性状(株高、茎节数、茎粗、叶鞘长、穗柄长、一级枝梗、最长一级枝梗、旗叶长)和籽粒相关性状(千粒重、粒长、粒宽和长宽比)之间呈显著关联性,聚类的3个类群具有一定的区域特性。结合贵州高粱株高较高和千粒重较低的特点,第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ类群的部分种质(郎糯1号、泸州红2号、高08、板江高粱-GX、赤水红粱1号、赤水红粱2号、370、黔高7号、433、茅红糯2号、黔高6号、黔高4号、黔高2号、黔高3号、地丁、睁眼三、7103、371、永123、NMG等)可作为贵州酒用高粱遗传改良的�【Objective】The genetic diversity of yield and other relative traits of 257 sorghum germplasm mainly from China is explored,which provides theoretical basis for the innovation of sorghum germplasm resource for the liquor-making,breeding and selection of new varieties in Guizhou.【Method】15 numerical traits and 3 descriptive traits of 257 sorghum germplasm were analyzed by correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,so as to evaluate the genetic variation status.【Result】Among the 15 numerical agronomic traits,the average coefficient of variation was 19.83%,the average genetic diversity index was 2.04,the variation coefficient of the longest first-order branch was the largest(33.16%),and the length-width ratio was the smallest(9.4%);The genetic diversity index was the highest in plant height(2.09)and the smallest in the longest first-order branch(1.94).Among the three descriptive traits,the genetic diversity index of grain color was the highest(1.69),followed by panicle shape(1.53),and panicle shape(1.30)was the lowest.Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the 15 numerical traits,among which grain length and grain width were highly significantly positively correlated with length-width ratio(P<0.01),and the correlation coefficients were 0.91 and 0.86,respectively.There was a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01)between panicle length and the number of the longest first-order branch and length of leaf sheath,and the correlation coefficients were 0.88 and 0.81,respectively.Principal component analysis showed that the 15 numerical agronomic traits could be divided into 5 principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 82.40%.Cluster analysis showed that the 257 sorghum germplasm resources could be divided into 3 groups.The sorghum resources in group I had a large thousand-grain weight,the sorghum in group II were mostly scattered in panicle type and the plant height was short,and the sorghum resources in group III we

关 键 词：高粱 遗传多样性 农艺性状 种质资源 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]