广西果树种质资源调查收集与评价  

Investigation,collection and evaluation of fruit tree germplasm resources in Guangxi

作　　者：朱建华[1,2] 黄羽 陈传武[4] 龚弘娟 唐辉[5] 周婧[6] 徐宁 郝小玲[7] 郭丽梅 罗培四 李一伟 黄小江 ZHU Jian-hua;HUANG Yu;CHEN Chuan-wu;GONG Hong-juan;TANG Hui;ZHOU Jing;XU Ning;HAO Xiao-ling;GUO Li-mei;LUO Pei-si;LI Yi-wei;HUANG Xiao-jiang(Horticultural Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Wuming Observation and Experiment Station of National Germplasm Resources,Nanning 530007,China;Grape and Wine Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops/Guangxi Citrus Breeding and Cultivation Research Center of Engineering Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Guangxi Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guilin,Guangxi 541006,China;Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute,Longzhou,Guangxi 532415,China;Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院园艺研究所,南宁530007 [2]国家种质资源武鸣观测实验站,南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所,南宁530007 [4]广西特色作物研究院/广西柑桔育种与栽培工程技术研究中心,广西桂林541004 [5]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [6]广西南亚热带农业科学研究所,广西龙州532415 [7]广西亚热带作物研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第1期29-38,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204045,桂科AA17204045-4);广西科技计划项目(桂科AB20297043);国家种质资源武鸣观测实验站项目(NAES018GR03)。

摘　　要：【目的】系统调查、收集和评价广西果树种质资源,为我国果树种质资源保护与创新利用提供科学依据。【方法】以野外调查、原产地和室内鉴定分析相结合的方法,对收集的果树种质资源进行评价,以筛选优异单株并妥善安全保存。【结果】从广西101个县级行政区共收集到果树种质资源2338份,其中荔枝资源149份,龙眼及其近缘资源39份,柑橘及其近缘资源269份,黄皮及其近缘资源146份、葡萄及其近缘资源255份、芒果及其近缘资源141份、猕猴桃及其近缘资源206份、火龙果资源88份、柿资源157份、桃资源40份、李资源48份、梨及其近缘资源74份、杨桃资源115份、枇杷资源5份、橄榄资源45份、苹婆及其近缘资源151份、菠萝蜜资源120份、木奶果资源132份和野生果树资源158份。所收集的果树资源隶属于21科38属86种。通过对果树资源进行果实品质、特异性状或抗病性鉴定评价,筛选出具有代表性的优异种质25份。调查发现,桂西南地区有龙眼野生资源及假苹婆、粉苹婆和香苹婆等苹婆近缘野生种分布,进一步明确桂西南地区是龙眼和苹婆的起源地之一。【结论】广西果树种质资源分布范围广、资源蕴藏量丰富,除栽培种类外,还有砧木资源、近缘植物资源,以及有待开发的野生果树资源。同一种类的不同资源个体间性状差异较明显,其中不乏综合性状优良或具有某些优异性状的种质,可为开展优良单株筛选和实生选种提供物质基础。果树种质资源调查、收集与评价是一项长期性的研究工作,多单位、多团队联合开展调查和合作研究有利于扩大调查范围,提高资源调查效率,促进资源共享和新品种选育。【Objective】The study aimed to systematically investigate,collect and evaluate fruit tree germplasm resources in Guangxi,so as to provide a scientific basis for protection and innovative utilization of fruit tree germplasm resources in China.【Method】The collected fruit tree germplasm resources were evaluated by field investigation,origin and indoor determination and analysis,so as to screen and properly preserve excellent single plants.【Result】A total of 2338 fruit tree germplasms were collected from 101 county-level administrative regions in Guangxi,including 149 lychee germplasms,39 longan germplasms and related species,269 citrus and related species,146 Clausena lansium and related species,255 grape and related species,141 mango germplasms and related species,206 kiwi germplasms and related species,88 pitaya germplasms,157 persimmon germplasms,40 peach germplasms,48 plum germplasms,74 pear and related species,115 carambola germplasms,5 loquat germplasms,45 olive germplasms,151 Sterculia nobilis Smith germplasms and related species,120 jackfruit germplasms,132 Baccaurea ramiflora germplasms,158 other wild fruit tree germplasms.The collected fruit tree germplasms belonged to 21 families,38 genera and 86 species.Through identification and evaluation of fruit quality,specific traits or disease resistance of fruit tree resources,25 representative excellent fruit tree germplasms were selected.The investigation found that there were wild longan,S.lanceolata Cav.,S.euosma W.W.Smith,S.foetida L.and other wild related species in Southwest Guangxi,which further clarified that southwest Guangxi was one of the origins of longan and S.nobilis Smith.【Conclusion】Fruit tree germplasm resources in Guangxi are widely distributed and abundant.In addition to cultivated species,there are rootstock resources,related plant resources,and wild fruit tree resources to be developed.Individual traits of different resources of the same species vary greatly,and there are many germplasms with excellent comprehensive traits or

关 键 词：果树 种质资源 收集 评价 广西 

分 类 号：S667[农业科学—果树学]