农村供销合作社与农业社会主义改造关系述论  

On the Relationship between Rural Supply and Marketing Cooperatives and Agricultural Socialist Transformation

作　　者：常明明 CHANG Ming-ming(School of Economics/Center of Economic History,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院/经济史研究中心,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第1期94-108,共15页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“1950—1956年中国农村经济调查资料收集、整理与研究”(17ZDA035)。

摘　　要：农村供销合作社是连接城乡经济的重要纽带。在农业社会主义改造中,它通过合同制的供销方式,一方面,根据国家的计划,组织农副产品的收购,帮助农民推销剩余产品;另一方面,组织农业生产资料的供应业务,加强了农业生产的计划性,逐步把小农经济纳入国家计划经济的轨道,促进农业互助合作运动的巩固和发展。由于当时农村供销社组织不完善,经营力量亦尚有限,与农业生产合作组织的供销业务往来中亦存在一些弊端或不足,如一些供销合作社在结合合同推行工作中,缺乏考虑产、供、销的可能与需要,未从实际出发,未能在可靠的基础上制订经济合同;若干生产资料在数量上、品种上、质量上、时间上不能满足农业生产合作社的需求等。农村供销合作社因此需要不断改进经营方式,以适应农业合作化运动的发展需求。Rural supply and marketing cooperatives was an important link linking urban and rural economy.In the process of agricultural socialist transformation,it adopted the contract system of supply and marketing.On the one hand,according to the state plan,it organized the purchase of agricultural and sideline products and helped farmers sell surplus products.On the other hand,organizing the supply of agricultural means of production strengthened the planning of agricultural production,gradually brought small-scale peasant economy into the track of state planned economy,and promoted the consolidation and development of agricultural mutual aid and cooperation movement.Due to the rural cooperatives organization was not perfect,the management strength was limited,and the agricultural production cooperation organizations also existed some disadvantages in the supply and marketing business or not,as some supply and marketing cooperatives in combining with the contract for work,the lack of consideration might be related to the needs of the production,supply and sales,not from set out actually made the economic contract to develop on the basis of reliable;Some means of production could not meet the needs of agricultural cooperatives in terms of quantity,variety,quality and time.Rural supply and marketing cooperatives had also been improving their operation methods to meet the development needs of the agricultural cooperative movement.

关 键 词：农村供销合作社 农业社会主义改造 合同制 供销 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]