民国时期苏南乡村政制“突变”逻辑研究  

A Research on the Logic of"Mutation"of Rural Political System in Southern Jiangsu during the Republic of China

作　　者：姜姝 严火其 JIANG Shu;YAN Huo-qi(School of Marxism,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学马克思主义学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2023年第1期120-128,139,共10页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究项目“‘城归治村’在中国基层政治中的‘新位势’研究”(2020SJA0059);南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费人文社会科学研究基金面上项目“‘城归治村’在中国基层政治中的‘新位势’研究”(SKYC2020025)。

摘　　要：聚焦于乡村政制的变革、国家权力和乡村社会的互动、地方精英的嬗变等变迁元素,民国时期的苏南乡村政制发生了一场制度“突变”:一是国家行政主导的地方士绅自治兴起;二是国家政权向乡村社会延伸,中央政府和地方社会权力关系发生了调整;三是具有雄厚经济实力的苏南士绅和知识分子对乡村资本、经济和教育的投入,参与乡村社会改造并成为直接参与地方政治的主流力量。本文致力于回归历史制度主义的场景,把民国时期苏南乡村政制的“去道义化”制度突变置身于国家与社会的中间领域进行场域式分析,将“关键节点”“政治衰败”“失败国家”和“克里斯马”串联成理解苏南乡村政制“突变”逻辑的关键词:从主观因素来看,民国初期拥有“克里斯马式”魅力的乡绅阶层发挥了引领基层生活、节约交易费用、推进传统乡村现代化的重要功能;从客观条件来看,民国中后期“劣绅化”现象和全方位的“国家衰败”带来的“国家失败”是激进的制度“突变”的危机压力。Focusing on the transformation of rural political system,the interaction between state power and rural society,and the transmutation of local elites,an institutional"mutation"occurred in the rural political system of southern Jiangsu during the Republic of China:Firstly,the rise of local gentry autonomy dominated by state administration;Secondly,the state power extended to the rural society,and the power relationship between the central government and local society was adjusted;Thirdly,the gentry and intellectuals with strong economic strength in southern Jiangsu invested in rural capital,economy and education,participated in rural social transformation and became the mainstream force directly involved in local politics.This paper is committed to returning to the scene of historical institutionalism,placing the"de moralized"institutional mutation of rural political system in southern Jiangsu during the Republic of China in the middle field between the state and society for field based analysis,and connecting"key nodes","political decline","failed state"and"Charisma"into the key words to understand the logic of"mutation"of rural political system in southern Jiangsu:from the perspective of subjective factors,At the beginning of the Republic of China,the gentry stratum with"Charisma style"charm played an important role in leading the grass-roots life,saving transaction costs and promoting the modernization of traditional villages;From the objective conditions,the phenomenon of"evil gentry"in the middle and late period of the Republic of China and the"national failure"brought about by the all-round"national decline"are the crisis pressure of radical institutional"mutation".

关 键 词：民国苏南乡村 制度突变 克里斯马 政治衰败 失败国家 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]