2020年云南省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析  

Monitoring results of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Yunnan Province in 2020

作　　者：黄开莲[1] 王安伟[1] 赵志花[1] 樊荣 徐守先 Huang Kailian;Wang Anwei;Zhao Zhihua;Fan Rong;Xu Shouxian(Division for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali 671000,China;Division for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Zhaotong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhaotong 657000,China;Division for Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Qujing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qujing 655000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所地方病防治科,大理671000 [2]昭通市疾病预防控制中心地方病防治科,昭通657000 [3]曲靖市疾病预防控制中心地方病防治科,曲靖655000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2023年第2期122-126,共5页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的了解云南省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒(简称燃煤型地氟病)防治现状,综合评价防治措施落实效果。方法2020年8-11月,按照《云南省燃煤污染型地方性氟中毒监测方案(2019版)》要求,在全省13个病区县(市、区,以下简称县)的全部病区自然村开展监测,每个病区自然村选择30户监测炉灶使用及相关健康生活行为形成情况,同时检查病区自然村8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。按照《重点地方病控制和消除评价办法(2019版)》,进行病区控制和消除评价。结果共入户调查392244户,合格改良炉灶率,合格改良炉灶正确使用率,玉米、辣椒正确干燥率分别为99.42%(389982/392244)、99.70%(388796/389982)、99.07%(388579/392244)。共检查8~12周岁儿童227057例,检出氟斑牙9413例,氟斑牙检出率为4.15%,氟斑牙指数为0.10,流行强度为阴性。以县为单位,除富源和镇雄2个县达到病区控制标准外,其余11个县均达到消除标准。结论云南省燃煤型地氟病防治措施落实较好,健康生活行为方式逐渐形成,总体病情较轻。Objective To learn about the current situation of prevention and control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis(coal burning fluorosis for short)in Yunnan Province,and comprehensively evaluate the implementation effect of prevention and control measures.Methods From August to November 2020,according to the requirements of the Monitoring Program of Yunnan Province for Coal-burning-borne Endemic Fluorosis(2019 edition),monitoring was carried out in all natural villages in the disease areas of 13 counties(cities and districts,hereinafter referred to as counties)of the province,and 30 households were selected from each natural village to monitor the use of stoves and the formation of related healthy living behaviors.At the same time,children aged 8-12 years in the natural villages in the disease areas were examined for the prevalence of dental fluorosis.The evaluation for control and elimination of disease areas was carried out in accordance with the Evaluation Approach for Control and Elimination of Priority Endemic Diseases(2019 edition).Results A total of 392244 households were investigated,and the rates of qualified improved stoves,the correct utilization of qualified improved stoves and correct drying of corn and pepper were 99.42%(389982/392244),99.70%(388796/389982)and 99.07%(388579/392244),respectively.A total of 227057 children aged 8-12 years were examined,9413 children of dental fluorosis were detected,the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 4.15%,the dental fluorosis index was 0.10,and the prevalence intensity was negative.Taking the county as a unit,except Fuyuan and Zhenxiong,which reached the control standard of the disease area,the remaining 11 counties reached the elimination standard.Conclusion The prevention and control measures on coal burning fluorosis are implemented well in Yunnan Province and healthy lifestyle has gradually taken shape,with the overall condition of the disease reduced.

关 键 词：氟中毒 牙 燃煤污染型 炉灶 

分 类 号：R599.1[医药卫生—内科学]