苗药头花蓼生药的综合鉴定  

Systematic evaluation of pharmacognostic identification of Polygonum capitatum

作　　者：陈涛 何磊 林燕 CHEN Tao;HE Lei;LIN Yan(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州医科大学学报》2023年第3期272-277,284,共7页Journal of Guizhou Medical University

基　　金：贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金(gzwkj2021-449);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般362);全国大学生创新训练计划项目(202210660131)。

摘　　要：目的探讨苗药头花蓼生药综合鉴定的方法。方法选取黔产苗药头花蓼药材10批次,制作头花蓼药材植物标本,对其根、茎、叶、花、果等形态特征进行性状鉴别;制作头花蓼药材粉末,分别采用氯化铁(FeCl_(3))显色反应、盐酸-镁粉反应、氯化铝(AlCl 3)显色反应及薄层色谱法进行理化鉴别;采用显微镜对其药材粉末进行显微鉴别;采用植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒进行DNA分子标记鉴定。结果头花蓼茎丛生,叶椭圆形、长2~5 cm、宽1~2 cm、叶先端急尖基部楔形,花序头状、单生或顶生、成对,总状花序直立、近球形,花被淡红色;苗药头花蓼醇提液在FeCl_(3)显色反应中显蓝色、久置变深蓝色,在盐酸-镁粉反应中显深红色,在AlCl 3显色反应中于360 nm紫外灯下显黄色荧光;头花蓼粉末显微鉴别具有花粉粒、晶鞘纤维、纤维素、导管、淀粉粒、木栓细胞等特征碎片;头花蓼药材在500 bp附近显示清晰明亮的单一条带,测序显示序列差异主要集中在ITS1和ITS2区。结论由性状鉴别、理化鉴别、粉末显微鉴别及DNA分子标记鉴定结果,阐明了原鉴定药材为蓼科蓼属植物头花蓼Polygonum capitatum Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don。Objective To investigate the systematic evaluation of pharmacognostic identification of Polygonum capitatum.Methods Ten batches of P.capitatum cultivated in Guizhou were chosen for plant samples.Macroscopical identification was conducted on plant roots,stem,leave,flower and fruit.The P.capitatum powder was processed for physical and chemical distinction by FeCl_(3)chromogenic reaction,hydrochloric acid magnesium powder reaction,FeCl_(3)color development reaction,and thin-layer chromatography.Microscope identification was carried out on the powder.Plant genome DNeasy Plant Kit was adopted to identify DNA molecular marker identification.Results The results showed that the stem of P.capitatum was tufted,the leaves were oval,2 to 5 cm long,and 1 to 2 cm wide;the leaf apex was acute and cuneate at the base,the inflorescence was capitate,paired or solitary;the raceme was erect and nearly spherical,and the perianth was light red.Furthermore,for the chromogenic reaction of FeCl_(3)ethanol extract of P.capitatum,appeared blue and turned to dark blue after long time storing at room temperature.For the reaction of hydrochloric acid magnesium powder,the alcohol extract of P.capitatum,exhibited deep red.In the color reaction of FeCl_(3),the alcohol extract revealed yellow fluorescence under 360 nm UV lamp.Microscope identification of the powder displayed pollen grains,crystal sheath fibers,cellulose,vessels,starch grains,cork cells,and other characteristic fragments.In addition,DNA barcoding electrophoresis results showed that P.capitatum showed a clear and bright single band near 500 bp,and further sequencing results showed that the sequence differences were mainly concentrated in ITS1 and ITS2 region.Conclusion Systematic evaluation for the identification of P.capitatum is established,which combines with macroscopical identification,physicochemical identification,powder microscope identification,and DNA molecular identification.Finally,the original medicinal material is identified as P.capitatum Buch-Ham.ex D.Don.

关 键 词：中草药 头花蓼 生药鉴定 性状鉴别 理化鉴别 显微鉴别 DNA分子标记鉴定 

分 类 号：R994.6[医药卫生—毒理学]