选择性电渗析:机遇与挑战  

Selective electrodialysis:opportunities and challenges

作　　者：闫军营 王皝莹 李瑞瑞 符蓉 蒋晨啸 汪耀明 徐铜文[1] YAN Junying;WANG Huangying;LI Ruirui;FU Rong;JIANG Chenxiao;WANG Yaoming;XU Tongwen(Department of Applied Chemistry,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学应用化学系,安徽合肥230026

出　　处：《化工学报》2023年第1期224-236,共13页CIESC Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1505600);国家自然科学基金项目(22122813,22061132003)。

摘　　要：电渗析海水制盐、氯碱工业中的盐水精制、盐湖提锂以及冶金行业中的废酸废碱资源化,均要求实现相同电荷不同价态的离子分离,因此离子精准分离是化工生产中的重要一环。选择性电渗析是将电渗析中普通阴阳离子交换膜替换为具有一/多价分离特性的离子膜,进而实现离子的选择性分离。本文详细介绍了一/二价离子膜分离机理以及制备路线;同时也对选择性电渗析的主要膜堆结构以及工作原理进行了阐述;详细介绍了选择性电渗析目前在离子分离中的应用与机遇;指出了选择性电渗析在应用中面临着投资成本高、稳定性较差、容易发生浓差极化等挑战;最后在膜堆构造优化、多过程耦合以及工业化制膜等方面进行了展望。Precise ion fractionation for the same charge but different valences is crucial to various industrial sectors,such as electrodialytic seawater salt production,brine refining in the chlor-alkali industry,lithium extraction from salt lakes,and waste acid and alkali recycling in the metallurgical industry.Selective electrodialysis(SED)enables the selective separation of various ions by replacing the anion-or cation-exchange membranes with mono/multivalent selective ion exchange membranes in the conventional electrodialysis stack.This paper introduces the separation mechanism of monovalent ion/divalent ion membrane and the preparation route in detail.Meanwhile,the commonly used membrane stack configuration and its working principle are also described.Moreover,the challenges of the SED,including the high investment cost,poor stability,and occurrence of concentration polarization on the membrane surface,are discussed.Finally,the perspective of SED technology is proposed from the aspects of the optimization of membrane stack configuration,the improvement of ion separation selectivity through various process integrations,and large-scale mono/divalent selective ion membrane fabrication.

关 键 词：脱盐 离子交换膜 电渗析 选择性 分离 

分 类 号：TQ028.8[化学工程]