茶园间作艾蒿对其生态系统的影响  

Ecology of Tea Plantation Intercropped with Artemisia argyi

作　　者：张辉[1] 李慧玲[1] 王定锋[1] 李金玉 李良德[1] 刘丰静[1] 曾明森[1] 王庆森[1] ZHANG Hui;LI Hui-ling;WANG Ding-feng;LI Jin-yu;LI Liang-de;LIU Feng-jing;ZENG Ming-sen;WANG Qing-sen(Tea Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Branch of National Center for Tea Improvement,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心福建分中心,福建福州350013

出　　处：《茶叶学报》2023年第1期63-69,共7页Acta Tea Sinica

基　　金：福建省星火计划项目(2022S0065);福建省属公益类科研院所基本科专项(2021R1029005)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究茶园间作艾蒿对茶园害虫茶小绿叶蝉和天敌蜘蛛种群数量、茶树根际土壤养分状况及茶树鲜叶生化成分变化,探明茶园间作艾蒿对茶园生态系统的影响,为艾蒿在茶园中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】间作实验设置为茶-艾蒿间作和茶单作2个处理。以茶园单作为对照(CK),采用5点取样法,调查茶园主要害虫茶小绿叶蝉和天敌蜘蛛种群数量,检测茶树根际土壤养分含量和茶树鲜叶生化成分指标。【结果】艾蒿间作茶园中除土壤有效磷外,茶树根际的其他土壤养分均显著高于单作茶园,其中土壤全氮和速效钾含量分别比CK增加23.08%和30.63%;茶树-艾蒿间作显著影响茶树鲜叶中茶多酚含量,与CK比较,茶多酚含量显著降低;茶园间作艾蒿降低了茶小绿叶蝉种群数量,在茶小绿叶蝉高峰期,与CK比较,艾蒿间作茶园茶小绿叶蝉的种群数量极显著下降了35.53%;茶园间作艾蒿增加了蜘蛛种群数量,从5月25日开始,艾蒿间作茶园的蜘蛛种群数量显著高于茶单作茶园,5月25日蜘蛛总数量急剧增加,数量为单作的3倍。【结论】茶园间作艾蒿植物是一种具有较好生态效益的茶园栽培管理模式,可以应用于茶园间作。【Objective】Effects of intercropping tea plants with mugwort on the pest and predator populations,nutrient contents of planation soil,and biochemical components of fresh leaves of a tea plantation were studied.【Methods】An experiment was conducted in the field with lots that was either monocultured with tea bushes or intercropped tea plants with mugwort(Artemisia argyi)to determine the resulting ecological effects on the sites.A five-point sampling method was applied to collect specimens for monitoring the counts on tea green leafhoppers and spiders.Chemical analysis was performed on the rhizosphere soil for measuring nutrient contents and biochemical indices.【Results】In addition to available phosphorus,nutrients were significantly more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of the intercropping lot than in the monoculture counterpart.For instance,the content of total nitrogen increased by 23.08%and available potassium by 30.63%in the soil.In the leaves of the tea plants grown on the intercropping lot polyphenols were affected with a significant decline.The intercropping also reduced the number of Empoasca onukii found on the lot with a 35.53%decrease at the peak of the insect activity.Meanwhile,its natural enemy spider,thrived.Ever since May 25,2021,the experiment started the spider population on the intercropping lot had been significantly higher than that in the monoculture lot.On that day,the total number of spiders found on the intercropping lot already reached 3 times that on the monoculture lot.【Conclusion】Intercropping tea bushes with A.argyi effectively improved the ecology of a tea plantation.It translated also into considerable financial benefit for the farmers.Hence,the practice was highly recommended for promotion.

关 键 词：艾蒿 茶树 间作 生态调控 

分 类 号：S435.711[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]