国家主导型农业合作组织体系建构对乡村振兴的启示:日韩农协组建的再考察  

The Enlightenment of the Construction of State-led Agricultural Cooperative Organization to Rural Revitalization:The Histological Reexamination of the Formation of Agricultural Cooperation Organization in Japan and South Korea

作　　者：李汉卿 Li Hanqing

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2023年第3期49-63,共15页

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“乡村振兴的东亚经验及其借鉴:日本、韩国比较研究”(项目编号:19YJC810008)。

摘　　要：将农民组织起来并发挥农民主体性是乡村振兴过程中的关键问题,也是推进中国农村现代化的内在要求。通过对日韩农协组建历史的考察,研究发现:人多地少、以自耕农为主的东亚小农社会形成了农业发展的特殊经验,即国家主导自上而下地建构农民自治的农业合作组织体系,借助横向合作属性与纵向规模效应的有效互促,实现农村“公益”的发展。这种农业发展的“东亚模式”本质上是一种国家法团主义建构过程,值得中国乡村振兴学习借鉴。在全面推进乡村振兴战略背景下,需要基于国家法团主义对农民进行再组织,构建有效的联结政府、市场与农民的农业合作组织体系。村党支部引领组建的合作社作为单位农协,再改革现有的供销社纵向组织体系是较为现实的路径。Organizing farmers and bringing their subjectivity into play is a key issue in the implementation of rural revitalization and an intrinsic requirement for advancing China's rural modernization.By investigating the history of the formation of Agriculture Co-operation in Japan and South Korea,we can find the special lesson from the East Asian agricultural development is that in a small-holder society mainly composed of owner peasant with a large population but a small amount of land,the state leads the construction of a top-down agricultural cooperative system by peasant self-governance to achieve the goal of developing rural public welfare through effective mutual promotion of horizontal cooperative attributes and vertical scale effects.This“East Asian model”of agricultural development is essentially a national corporatist construction process,which is worth learning from China's rural revitalization.In the context of comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization strategy,we should reorganize farmers based on state corporatism and build an effective agricultural cooperative organization system linking the government,market and farmers.It is a more realistic path to reform the existing vertical organization system of supply and marketing cooperatives by forming cooperatives led by village party branch building as unit farming associations.

关 键 词：政府主导 农民自治 农民组织化 农民主体性 农村“公益” 

分 类 号：D601[政治法律—政治学]