南疆部分地区全舍饲养殖模式下驴消化道寄生虫流行病学调查  

Epidemiological Investigation on Alimentary Tract Parasites of Donkeysunder House Feeding in Some Areas of Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：李斌[1] 祖努江·卡德尔 李建龙[1] 冯雅茹 冉多良[1] 李勤凡[2] 郭庆勇[1] 李永畅[1] LI Bin;KADEER·Zu-nu-jiang;LI Jian-long;FENG Ya-ru;RAN Duo-liang;LI Qin-fan;GUO Qing-yong;LI Yong-chang(College of Veterinary Medicine,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国兽医杂志》2023年第3期28-35,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项自然科学基金计划(2019D01B15)。

摘　　要：为了研究南疆地区规模化全舍饲养殖模式下驴消化道寄生虫的感染情况,并评价目前规模化全舍饲驴养殖场所采用驱虫方案的效果,本试验采集阿克陶县和泽普县4个规模化全舍饲养驴场917头驴(n=917)的粪样共1 834份,运用虫卵形态观察法检测消化道寄生虫,对优势虫种进行统计学分析,运用PCR方法鉴定体内排出的主要成虫;同时,根据养殖场现行驱虫方案在春季和秋季分别对驴群进行2次伊维菌素驱虫试验,连续观察5 d,记录排虫情况并计算消化道寄生虫感染率。结果显示:镜检观察到6种消化道寄生虫;经PCR鉴定体内主要排出马副蛔虫。4个规模化养殖场中,马圆线虫、毛细线虫、马副蛔虫和细颈线虫为驴消化道优势虫种,其冬春(夏秋)平均感染率分别为67.5%(79.6%)、52.9%(71.3%)、40.9%(45.3%)和14.5%(15.7%),表现出明显的季节特征,夏秋季节毛细线虫、马圆线虫、马副蛔虫感染率和感染强度显著高于冬春季节(P<0.01);寄生虫感染率与驴年龄存在相关性,夏秋季节驴驹马圆线虫、马副蛔虫感染率均极显著高于成年驴(P<0.001),冬春季节驴驹马圆线虫、毛细线虫和马副蛔虫感染率均显著高于成年驴(P<0.01);驱虫试验结果显示,首次使用伊维菌素驱虫后马圆线虫、毛细线虫、马副蛔虫和细颈线虫感染率分别下降至20.5%(24.8%)、30.3%(28.7%)、10.6%(11.1%)、0.7%(8.4%),二次使用伊维菌素驱虫后马圆线虫、毛细线虫、马副蛔虫和细颈线虫感染率分别下降至8.8%(16.3%)、19.5%(18.3%)、8.0%(3.6%)和0%(0%)。结果表明,全舍饲养殖模式下驴消化道寄生虫仍然普遍流行,且单纯使用伊维菌素驱虫并不能有效控制消化道寄生虫的流行。This study aimed to investigate the infection of parasites in the digestive tract of donkeys under the house feeding mode in some areas of Southern Xinjiang,and to evaluate the effect of the deworming program currently adopted in large-scale donkey farms.A total of 1834 fecal samples were collected from 917 donkeys(n=917)in 4 large-scale donkey farms in Aktao County and Zepu County.Digestive tract parasites were detected by egg morphology observation,and the dominant species were statistically analyzed.PCR was used to identify major adult parasites excreted from the donkey.According to the current deworming plan in the farm,the donkeys were dewormed twice in spring and autumn,respectively.The deworming situation was recorded and observed continuously for 5 days.The results showed that six digestive tract parasites were observed by microscopy,and Parascaris equorum was identified by PCR.In the 4 large-scale farms,Strongylus equinus,Capillaria,Parascaris equorum and Nematodirus were the dominant species in the digestive tract of donkey,and the average infection rates were 67.5%(79.6%),52.9%(71.3%),40.9%(45.3%)and 14.5%(15.7%)in winter and spring(summer and autumn),respectively,suggesting obvious seasonal variations.The infection rates and intensities of Capillaria,S.equinus and P.equorum in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in winter and spring(P<0.01).The parasitic infection rate was correlated with donkey age.The infection rates of S.equinus and P.equorum in young donkey were extremely significant higher than those in adult donkey(P<0.001)during summer and autumn,and the infection rates of S.equinus,Capillaria and P.equorum in young donkey were significantly higher than those in adult donkey(P<0.01)during winter and spring.The infection rates of S.equinus,Capillaria,P.equorum and Nematodirus decreased to 20.5%(24.8%),30.3%(28.7%),10.6%(11.1%)and 0.7%(8.4%),respectively,after ivermectin was administered for the first time,and further decreased to 8.8%(16.3%),19.5%(18.3%),8.0%(3.6%)and 0%(0%),r

关 键 词：全舍饲养殖 驴 寄生虫 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：S855.91[农业科学—临床兽医学]