福建太子参紫纹羽病病原鉴定及其生物学特性  

Identification and biological characteristics of violet root rot pathogen of Pseudostellaria heterophylla in Fujian province

作　　者：刘保财[1,2] 陈菁瑛[1,2] 张武君[1,2] 黄颖桢[1,2] 赵云青[1,2] 叶京 LIU Bao-cai;CHEN Jing-ying;ZHANG Wu-jun;HUANG Ying-zhen;ZHAO Yun-qing;YE Jing(Agricultural Bioresource Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;Research Center for Medicinal Plant,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所,福建福州350003 [2]福建省农业科学院药用植物研究中心,福建福州350003

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第1期45-51,共7页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1710502);福建省属公益项目(2021R1034006);福建省农业科学院创新团队项目(CXTD2021014-2);福建省农业科学院青年英才项目(XTCXGC2021003);福建省人民政府、中国农业科学院“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021003-5)。

摘　　要：紫翁羽病为太子参的主要根部病害之一。为明确引起福建省太子参紫纹羽病的病原菌种类,2017—2021年持续从福建省太子参主产区采集具有太子参紫纹羽症状的块根及菌核,采用组织分离法分离病原菌,结合形态学特征和多基因分子鉴定对病原菌进行鉴定,并进一步开展病原菌生物学特性和室内药剂筛选研究。结果表明,从采集的块根样本中共分离获得78株紫纹羽菌株,形态学初步鉴定属于1种类型;从病原菌中选取2株代表菌株进行多基因系统发育分析,均与桑卷担子菌Helicobasidium mompa聚在一起。该菌菌丝适宜培养基为OA、生长温度为25℃、pH 6、草酸铵作为氮源,菌丝的致死温度为50℃处理10 min;99.1%丙环唑和98.7%嘧菌脂抑菌效果最佳,抑菌率50%的质量浓度分别为16.85、12.24μg·mL^(-1)。可见,福建太子参紫纹羽病的病原菌为桑卷担子菌H.mompa。培养基种类、生长温度、pH、氮源等对菌丝生长均有显著影响。Violet root rot is one of the main root diseases in the production process of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. To clarify the pathogenic species that cause the violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province, the roots and the sclerotia with violet root rot symptoms were collected from the main producing areas of P. heterophylla(Fujian province) from 2017 to 2021, and the pathogens were isolated by tissue separation method and identified by morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Additionally, the biological characteristics of the pathogens were studied and the fungicides were determined. The results showed that 78 strains of violet root rot were isolated from the collected root samples, which belonged to one type after preliminary morphological identification. Two represen-tative strains were selected from the pathogens for multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, and they were clustered with Helicobasidium mompa together. The suitable culture conditions for the mycelium were OA medium, 25 ℃, pH 6, and ammonium oxalate as the nitrogen source. The lethal temperature of the mycelium was 50 ℃ for 10 minutes. Moreover, 99.1% propiconazole and 98.7% azoxystrobin had the optimal bacteriostatic effect, and the concentrations with the 50% bacteriostatic rate were 16.85 and 12.24 μg·mL^(-1), respectively. On the basis of the above results, the pathogen causing violet root rot of P. heterophylla in Fujian province was H. mompa. The medium type, growth temperature, pH value, nitrogen source, etc. had significant effect on the growth of mycelium.

关 键 词：太子参 紫纹羽病 病原鉴定 桑卷担子菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]