不同提取方法对宁夏枸杞多糖化学组成及生物活性的影响研究  

Effects of different extraction methods on chemical compositions and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum

作　　者：宰清勇 陈华国[1,2] 谢文 周欣[1,2] ZAI Qing-yong;CHEN Hua-guo;XIE Wen;ZHOU Xin(Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control&Evaluation Technology of Medicine,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学、贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州师范大学、贵州省药物质量控制及评价技术工程实验室,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第1期60-70,共11页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31570358);贵州省高层次创新人才培养项目[黔科合人才(2015)4033号]。

摘　　要：以宁夏枸杞为研究对象,采用不同提取方法选择性提取得到5种多糖组分(LBP-1~LBP-5),探索提取方法对LBPs化学组成、结构特征和生物活性的影响。化学组成分析结果表明,5种LBPs均未检出生物碱,总多糖质量分数在(81.95%±1.6%)~(92.96%±0.76%),糖醛酸质量分数在(8.26%±0.46%)~(24.81%±0.46%),蛋白质质量分数在(0.06%±0.03%)~(1.35%±0.13%)。5种LBPs单糖组成成分基本相同,主要包括葡萄糖、木糖和半乳糖,但是,不同单糖之间含量比例有显著性差异。红外光谱分析结果表明,5种LBPs都具有多糖的典型红外光谱特征。核磁特征光谱分析结果表明,5种LBPs都存在α和β 2种构型。此外,LBP-2、LBP-3和LBP-4中还存在能增强多糖活性的三螺旋结构。活性筛选结果表明,5种LBPs的生物活性侧重点具有明显差异。其中,LBP-3表现出更高的脂质氧化清除率,抗氧化活性与阳性对照组相当;LBP-4对α-淀粉酶的抑制率和乙醇脱氢酶的激活率强于其他组分,且质量浓度为10 g·L^(-1)时,对α-淀粉酶的抑制率略高于阳性对照组;LBP-2对α-葡萄糖苷酶以及透明质酸酶展现出更强的抑制活性。该研究可为枸杞多糖的精准化开发与利用提供理论依据。In this study, five polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum(LBPs)(LBP-1-LBP-5) were selectively extracted by different extraction methods, and the chemical composition, structural characteristics, and biological activities of LBPs were explored. The results of chemical composition analysis showed that alkaloids were not detected in the five LBPs. The total polysaccharide content was(81.95%±1.6%)-(92.96%±0.76%), the uronic acid content was(8.26%±0.46%)-(24.81%±0.46%), and the protein content was(0.06%±0.03%)-(1.35%±0.13%). The monosaccharide compositions of the five LBPs were basically same, mainly including glucose, xylose, and galactose. However, there was significant difference in the content ratio of different monosaccharide. The results of infrared spectra analysis indicated that the five LBPs had typical infrared spectral characteristics of polysaccharides. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance characteristic spectrum analysis revealed that the five LBPs had two configurations of α and β. Meanwhile, there were triple helix structures in LBP-2, LBP-3, and LBP-4, which enhanced the activities of polysaccharides. The results of activities screening suggested that the biological activities of the five LBPs were significantly different. LBP-3 showed the highest lipid oxidation clearance rate, and its antioxidant activity was equivalent to that of the positive control group. The inhibitory rate of LBP-4 on α-amylase and its activation rate of alcohol dehydrogenase were better than those of other fractions, and the inhibitory rate of LBP-4 on α-amylase was slightly higher than that of the positive control group when the mass concentration was 10 g·L^(-1). LBP-2 showed stronger inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and hyaluronidase. This study provides references for the precise development and utilization of LBPs.

关 键 词：枸杞多糖 不同提取方式 化学组成 生物活性 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学]