1868年《草原地区临时管理条例》与沙俄对哈萨克草原的统治政策  

"Regulations on the Temporary Management of Grassland Areas" in 1868 and Tsarist Russian policy on the Kazakh grassland administration

作　　者：施越 Shi Yue

机构地区：[1]北京大学东方文学研究中心 [2]北京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2023年第1期57-68,171,共13页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：2020年北京市社会科学基金青年项目“哈萨克斯坦近代历史研究”(项目编号:20LSC016)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以沙俄当局于1868年颁布的《草原地区临时管理条例》为主要研究对象,探讨19世纪中后期沙俄对哈萨克草原的统治政策。该条例在沙皇亚历山大二世改革的时代背景下出台,是这一时期沙俄当局整合新征服中亚边疆的改革措施之一。该条例强化了沙俄在哈萨克草原的军政和司法机构,以税收、土地利用、社会身份和文教等政策引导牧民逐渐转入定居生活。沙俄当局以在草原地区建立“文明秩序”为名,掩盖其侵略和控制的真实目的,在行政和法律体制上推动哈萨克草原融入沙俄版图。This article takes the "Regulations on the Temporary Management of Grassland Areas" endorsed by the Tsarist Russian authorities in 1868 as the main object and to discuss the Tsarist Russia’s ruling policy on the governing the Kazakh grassland in the middle and late 19th century. The regulation was issued against the backdrop of the reform era of Tsar Alexander II,and was one of the reform measures taken by the Russian authorities during this period to integrate the newly conquered Central Asian frontiers. The regulations strengthened the military,political and judicial institutions of Tsarist Russia in the Kazakh grasslands,and guided herdsmen to gradually transition to a sedentary lifestyle with policies such as taxation,land use,social identity,and culture and education. In the name of establishing a "civilized order" in the grassland area,the Tsarist Russian authorities concealed their true purpose of aggression,control and promoted the integration of the Kazakh grassland into the territory of Tsarist Russia in terms of administrative and legal systems.

关 键 词：《草原地区临时管理条例》 哈萨克草原 沙皇俄国 统治政策 文明秩序 

分 类 号：K36[历史地理—历史学]