高锌物料熔池还原过程中渣型研选协同回收锌铅铜  

Research selection of slag property of high-zinc materials bath reduction smelting for co-recovery of zinc, lead and copper

作　　者：黄晴宇 李云 卢珈伟 黄露雨 余迈新 柯勇 彭聪 闵小波 HUANG Qingyu;LI Yun;LU Jiawei;HUANG Luyu;YU Maixin;KE Yong;PENG Cong;MIN Xiaobo(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期538-547,共10页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3901603);国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目(51825403);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104356);国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52121004);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ40747);甘肃省科技重大专项项目(21ZD4GD033);湖南省创新平台与人才计划项目(2021RC3013)。

摘　　要：熔池熔炼技术可协同处理铅锌混合矿和含锌等金属基固废,实现锌等多金属资源的绿色清洁高效回收,但现阶段存在高锌熔体熔池还原难等问题。为此,利用热力学软件模拟计算FeO-SiO_(2)-CaO-ZnO-PbO-Cu2O渣系变化对锌、铅和铜分配规律、优势区及炉渣黏度的影响。以高锌物料氧化脱硫熔融模拟产物为原料,进行还原熔炼实验,探究不同还原炉渣内CaO与SiO_(2)质量比(即m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)))和FeO与SiO_(2)质量比(即m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2)))对铅锌铜还原率的影响。研究结果表明:m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))对锌在还原渣中质量分数和还原率的影响较大,对铅和铜的质量分数和还原率影响较小;m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2))对铜在还原渣中残量和还原率的影响较大,对铅和锌的质量分数和还原率影响较小;当m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2))为1.0,m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2))为1.6时,炉渣中铅锌铜质量分数较低,还原率较高;铅和铜在还原过程中主要进入合金相,部分铅进入烟尘,锌主要以金属锌形式挥发,为后续冷凝捕集提供条件,部分金属锌再氧化进入烟尘;还原炉渣中锌主要以锌铁复合氧化物、锌黄长石形式存在。Bath smelting technology can synergistically treat Pb-Zn mixed ore and zinc-containing metal-based solid wastes to cleanly and efficiently recover zinc and other polymetallic resources. However, bath reduction of high-zinc melt is difficult. Based on this, the effect of FeO-SiO_(2)-CaO-ZnO-PbO-Cu2O slag system variation on Zn, Pb and Cu distribution behaviors, reduction dominant zone and slag viscosity were simulated and calculated by thermodynamic software. The reduction smelting experiments were conducted with the oxidative desulfurization molten-product of high zinc materials as raw materials to investigate the effects of m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)) and m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2)) in slag on the recovery of Pb, Zn and Cu. The results show that the variation of m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)) has great effect on the zinc reduction and zinc residual mass fractions in the reduction slag, but has small effect on that of lead and copper;m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2)) has great effect on copper recovery and its residual amount in reduction slag, but shows limited effect on lead and zinc. When m(CaO)/m(SiO_(2)) is 1.0and m(FeO)/m(SiO_(2)) is 1.6, the Pb, Zn and Cu residual mass fractions in the slag drop to the lowest value, and as a result, the recovery reaches the peak. Lead and copper are mainly enriched in the condensed alloy during the reduction process, part of the lead distributes to the dust. Zinc mainly volatilizes as metallic zinc gas, which provides the possibility for the subsequent condensation trapping. Part of the metallic zinc gas is re-oxidized to ZnO. Zinc in the reduction slag is mainly in the form of zinc-iron composite oxide and hardystonite.

关 键 词：高锌脱硫物料 熔池熔炼 热力学 渣型 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]