铝电解槽协同处置废耐火材料的工业试验研究  

Industrial experimental research on co-processing of spent refractory materials in aluminum electrolytic cell

作　　者：侯文渊 李茂[2] 李贺松[2] HOU Wenyuan;LI Mao;LI Hesong(School of Energy and Power Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学能源与动力工程学院,山西太原030051 [2]中南大学能源科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期587-594,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2010AA065201);中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2021zzts0668)。

摘　　要：为了实现废耐火材料的无害化、减量化和资源化利用,采用铝电解槽协同处置废耐火材料的方法制取Al-Si中间合金,并进行工业化应用试验,系统验证和研究废耐火材料的添加对铝电解工艺的影响规律。研究结果表明:废耐火材料的添加对铝电解槽内的物质的量比、炉底压降、电解质温度以及烟气成分的影响不大,不会对电解槽的运行稳定性、热稳定性及烟气处理设备造成影响;同时,废耐火材料中的氟化物回收有利于保持电解质水平的稳定性,并对提高电解槽的热稳定性有积极作用;添加废耐火材料后,铝电解槽的电流效率为89.54%,较正常电解还原氧化铝的电流效率降低1.53%,但生产1 t Al-Si中间合金可节约51 kg冶炼级氧化铝。To realize the harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization of spent refractory materials, Al-Si master alloy was prepared by co-processing spent refractory materials in aluminum electrolytic cells. The industrial application test was carried out to systematically verify and study the influence of the addition of spent refractory materials on the aluminum electrolysis process. The results show that the addition of spent refractory materials has little effect on the cryolite ratio, cathode voltage drop, electrolyte temperature and flue gas composition in the aluminum electrolytic cell, and will not affect the operation stability and thermal stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell. At the same time, the recovery of the fluoride in the spent refractory materials is also conducive to maintaing the stability of the bath level and positively affects the thermal stability of the electrolytic cell. After adding spent refractory materials, the current efficiency is 89.54%, which is 1.53% lower than that of the typical electrolytic reduction of alumina. However, the production of each ton of Al-Si master alloy can save 51 kg of smelting grade alumina.

关 键 词：废耐火材料 铝电解 固废处理 资源回收 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]