荒诞世界中人类存在本质的建构——从萨特存在主义角度解读《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》  

The Construction of the Essence of Human Existence in the Absurd World——An Interpretation of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep Under Sartre s Existentialism

作　　者：刘柯岑 LIU Kecen(School of Literature/School of Journalism and Communication,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学文学院,广西桂林541000

出　　处：《运城学院学报》2023年第1期77-85,共9页Journal of Yuncheng University

摘　　要：近年来,科技的高速发展为科幻文学的研究打开了局面,菲利普·迪克的《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》作为科幻小说,透露出作者对现实中人类自身存在问题的介入式关怀,赋予了评论者以存在主义哲学的思考角度探索小说中人类存在本质建构的可能性。从萨特存在主义哲学的视角观照赏金猎人德卡德对仿生人的追杀过程,可以看作是一场人类对自身存在本质的寻找之旅。德卡德在追杀仿生人的过程中,经历了由挣扎于荒诞生存困境到对外部世界感到心理与生理上的双重恶心体验,最终在自由选择中实现了对自身存在本质的建构,获得了自为存在对自在存在的超越。《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》将目光投向技术未来的黑暗面,与超人类主义乌托邦形成强烈反差,具有超越性的社会批判与启示作用。从萨特存在主义角度揭橥文本的哲学主题,强调了哲学作为一种解码工具在科幻文学研究中的重要地位,也为国内新兴科幻小说的创作提供了多元化的参考角度。In recent years,the rapid development of science and technology has promoted the study of science fiction literature.Take Philip Dick s science fiction novel Man Dreams of an Electronic Sheep?as an example,it reveals the author s implicit concern for human existence in reality,and offers the readers an opportunity to explore the human essence construction from the perspective of existentialism.Taking an existentialist perspective,the process of the bounty hunter Deckard s chasing of bionics can be seen as a journey of human beings finding the essence of their own existence.In the process of chasing the bionic man,Deckard suffered a lot,from struggling in the absurd survival dilemma to experiencing the psychological and physical nausea of the external world.He finally finished the construction of his own existence in his own will,achieving the transcendence from being-for-itself over being-in-itself.With an emphasis on the dark side of technology development,this novel forms a strong contrast with the superhuman utopia,and provides us with a transcendental social criticism and enlightenment.It is beneficial to understand the philosophical theme of works from the perspective of Sartre s existentialism,for it emphasizes the important position of philosophy as a decoding tool in science fiction research,providing a diversified reference for the Chinese science fiction creation.

关 键 词：《仿生人会梦见电子羊吗?》 存在主义 菲利普·迪克 萨特 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]