汉语语调单位的功能类型和语法形式之关联——以口语叙事语篇为例  

The discourse function and grammatical structure of intonation units in Chinese spoken narrative discourse

作　　者：乐耀 洪媛媛 YUE Yao;HONG Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中文系,361005 [2]南开大学文学院,300071

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2023年第2期54-67,共14页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金一般项目“汉语口语修补现象的语法研究”(项目编号:20BYY175)的资助。

摘　　要：文章以20篇汉语口语叙事语篇《梨子的故事》为材料,考察汉语语调单位的形式和功能之间的关联格局。着重从叙事语体特征、言者的认知能力和语法结构的紧密度等方面讨论不同语调单位(IU)的使用差异。具体来说,以人物行为活动为中心的叙事语体特点使得大部分IU在功能上分布于叙事模式的“进展”中,在形式上以动词性谓语小句为主。其次,人们在处理信息时,从认知角度看通常是“一次一个新信息”,因此一个IU往往只含一个新信息,常包装成非完整小句。而完整小句IU中的主要题元和谓语包含的信息通常是一旧一新,当小句的主要题元和谓语都包含新信息时,两者往往被分置于相邻的IU中,进而形成名词性结构和非完整小句IU。另外,当相邻句子成分之间的结构不够紧密时,容易被分置于不同的IU。This paper examines intonation units(IU) in 20 spoken Chinese narrative discourses of Pear Story from grammatical and functional aspects.There are three factors affecting the distribution of IUs as follows:1) the genre features of narrative discourse;2) the speaker's cognitive ability;3) the degree of closeness of grammatical structure.The genre features of narrative discourse which is centered on the protagonist's activities lead IUs functionally to distribute mainly in complicating actions,and structurally to appear mainly as clauses containing verbal predicates.The second and third factors are mainly related to the structural distribution of IUs.The representative view of the second factor is Chafe's(1987) “One-New-Concept Constraint”,that is,an IU often has only one new piece of information,which can reasonably explain the diversity and incompleteness of the structure distribution of IUs.When the relation between adjacent grammatical constituents is not tight enough,they are easily divided into different IUs.On the other hand,the high closeness of grammatical structure VO is preferred to be packaged in one IU.

关 键 词：口语叙事 语调单位 语体特征 信息包装 句法结构紧密度 篇章分析 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]