跨指“被”字连动句  

Cross-related serial verb constructions with bei

作　　者：岳世敏 刘街生[2] YUE Shimin;LIU Jiesheng

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,100871 [2]中山大学中文系,510275

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2023年第2期92-102,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：本文考察“我被他跑过来拦住”这类“N_(a)+被+N_(b)+VP_(1)+VP_(2)”式跨指“被”字连动句,其特征是“被”字短语在语义上跨越前一连动项指向后一连动项。这类“被”字句,与“被”字短语后为连动式相关,“被”引出的是施事,通常是表人、机构或动物的名词;与“被”字短语的跨指相关,“被”引出的成分几乎强制出现、连动项表达的次事件处于同一现实或非现实时间域;与表被动的VP_(2)和整个构式表被动一致,VP_(2)为全句中心。跨指“被”字连动句,被动派生以“VP_(1)+VP_(2)”为基础,例示了连动句是单句,并提供了一个很好的语境来证明:各连动项没有独立的表认识情态、语气、传信、时制、句际关联的修饰限制成分。从跨指“被”字连动句的角度看,近代汉语复杂“被”字句应列出一类跨指“被”字隔开句,但跨指“被”字连动句不是跨指“被”字隔开句句法化的结果。This paper examines the“N_a+bei(被)+N_(b)+VP_(1)+VP_(2)”type of cross-related serial verb constructions with bei such as Wo bei ta pao guo lai lan zhu(我被他跑过来拦住),which is characterized in that the bei phrase semantically spans VP_(1) and is related to VP_(2).This type of bei sentence is related to the serial verb constructions after the bei phrase,and N_(b) refers to the agent,which is usually a noun representing a person,an institution or an animal.It is associated with the cross-related characteristic of the bei phrase,so N_(b) is almost forced to appear.At the same time,the sub-events expressed by the linked term are in the same realis or irrealis time domain.Because the passive VP_(2) is consistent with the passive expression of whole construction,VP_(2) is the center of the whole sentence.The passive derivation of cross-related serial verb constructions with bei is based on“VP_(1)+VP_(2)”,which exemplifies the fact that it is a single sentence and provides a good context for demonstrating that each VP does not have its own independent modifiers for epistemic modals,mood,evidentiality,temporal and inter-sentential correlation.From the perspective of the cross-related serial verb constructions with bei,a kind of cross-related isolating constructions with bei should be listed in the complex bei sentences in early modern Chinese,but the cross-related serial verb constructions with bei are not the syntacticalization of the cross-related isolating constructions with bei.

关 键 词：跨指 “被”字句 连动句 隔开式 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]