中药微生物组学及其研究策略  

Traditional Chinese medicine microbiomics and its research strategies

作　　者：张国壮 陈士林[1] 董林林[1] ZHANG Guo-zhuang;CHEN Shi-lin;DONG Lin-lin(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第3期596-607,共12页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(生物医药)项目(202102AA100052,202102AA310048-1);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711100)。

摘　　要：微生物组与中医药的密切联系已得到广泛关注。近年来,随着高通量测序技术和多组学技术的不断进步,微生物组学领域不断涌现出新的技术、成果和理论。为推动微生物组学与中药学的深度融合,该文在前人研究基础上提出“中药微生物组学(traditional Chinese medicine microbiomics, TCMM)”这一学科概念,即通过生物学、生态学和信息学等现代技术研究微生物组在中药资源、药材加工贮存和临床疗效等中药学领域中功能及应用的前沿学科,其基本内涵包含了与中药品质、安全及功效有关的微生物组的结构、功能、相互作用、分子机制及应用策略。该文首先对中药微生物组学的发展沿革进行总结,强调了中药微生物组学对微生物组复杂性和整体性的深刻认识。在此基础上,该文系统综述了中药微生物组学在助力中药资源可持续发展、促进中药发酵标准化与多样化、加强中药贮藏安全、解析中医药理论与临床疗效科学内涵等研究内容及应用,并从基础研究、应用研究和系统研究3个层面阐述了中药微生物组学的研究策略与方法。中药微生物组学将促进中药学与前沿科学技术和理念的融合,拓展中药研究的深度与广度,推动中药现代化。The tight relationships between microbiome and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)have been widely recognized. New technologies, results, and theories are emerging in the field of microbiomics in recent years with the advances in high-throughput sequencing and multi-omics technologies. Based on the previous research, the present study has proposed the concept of TCM microbiomics(TCMM), which is an interdisciplinary subject aiming at elucidating the functions and applications of microbiome in the areas of herb resources, herb processing, herb storage, and clinical effects by using modern technology of biology, ecology, and informatics. This subject essentially contains the structures, functions, interactions, molecular mechanisms, and application strategies of the microbiome associated with the quality, safety, and efficacy of TCM. Firstly, the development of the TCMM concept was summarized, with the profound understanding of TCMM on the complexity and entirety of microbiome being emphasized. Then, the research contents and applications of TCMM in promoting the sustainable development of herb resources, improving the standardization and diversification of herb fermentation, strengthening the safety of herb storage, and resolving the scientific connotation of theories and clinical efficacy of TCM are reviewed. Finally, the research strategies and methods of TCM microbiomics were elaborated from basic research, application research, and system research. TCMM is expected to promote the integrative development of TCM with frontier science and technology, thereby expanding the depth and scope of TCM study and facilitating TCM modernization.

关 键 词：中药微生物组学 微生物组 中药资源 中医药理论 中药药理 

分 类 号：R28[医药卫生—中药学]