人参灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性基线的建立及抗药性风险评估  

Sensitivity baseline establishment and resistance risk assessment of Botrytis cinerea from Panax ginseng to prochloraz

作　　者：乐默怡 王蓉 李勇[1] 刘燕敏 丁万隆 YUE Mo-yi;WANG Rong;LI Yong;LIU Yan-min;DING Wan-long(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院、药用植物研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第3期636-641,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2016-I2M-3-017,2021-I2M-1-032)。

摘　　要：为了建立人参灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性基线,明确咪鲜胺抗性突变体的适合度以及人参灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺及灰霉病防治常用杀菌剂啶酰菌胺、吡唑醚菌酯、异菌脲和嘧霉胺的交互抗性,该文采用菌丝生长速率法测定人参灰霉病菌对杀菌剂的敏感性;菌剂驯化及紫外线诱导法筛选咪鲜胺抗性突变体;通过继代培养稳定性、菌丝生长速率及致病力测定,明确抗性突变体的适合度;通过菌剂敏感性Person相关性分析,明确咪鲜胺与4种灰霉病杀菌剂的交互抗性。结果表明,供试人参灰霉病菌均对咪鲜胺敏感,EC50为0.004 8~0.062 9μg·mL^(-1),均值0.022μg·mL^(-1)。敏感性频率分布图显示,89株灰霉病菌位于主峰范围内,均为连续单峰曲线,将EC50均值0.018μg·mL^(-1)作为灰霉病菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性基线。经室内药剂驯化和紫外线诱导,共获得6株抗药突变体,其中2株抗性不稳定,2株多代培养后出现抗药性下降;抗性突变体的菌丝生长速率及产孢量均低于亲本,多数突变体的致病性也较亲本低。另外,咪鲜胺与啶酰菌胺、吡唑醚菌酯、异菌脲和嘧霉胺均无明显交互抗药性。咪鲜胺用于人参灰霉病防控的潜力较大,灰霉病菌产生抗药性的风险较低。This study aimed to establish the baseline sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea from Panax ginseng to prochloraz, and ensure the fitness of prochloraz-resistant mutants and the cross-resistance of B. cinerea to prochloraz and commonly used fungicides for the prevention and control of gray mold including boscalid, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, and pyrimethanil. The sensitivity of B. cinerea from P. ginseng to fungicides was determined by the mycelial growth rate method. The prochloraz-resistant mutants were screened out through fungicide domestication and ultraviolet(UV) induction. The fitness of resistant mutants was determined through the stability of subculture, mycelial growth rate, and pathogenicity test. The cross-resistance between prochloraz and the four fungicides was determined by Person correlation analysis. The results showed that all B. cinerea strains tested were sensitive to prochloraz, and the EC50value ranged from 0.004 8 to 0.062 9 μg·mL^(-1), with an average of 0.022 μg·mL^(-1). The sensitivity frequency distribution diagram showed that 89 B. cinerea strains were located within the main peak with a continuous single peak curve, and the average EC50value of 0.018 μg·mL^(-1) was taken as the baseline sensitivity of B. cinerea to prochloraz. The fungicide domestication and UV induction obtained 6 resistant mutants, among which 2 strains were unstable and the other 2 strains showed decreased resistance after multiple generations of culture. Furthermore, the mycelial growth rate and spore yield of all resistant mutants were lower than those of their parents, and the pathogenicity of most mutants was lower than that of their parents. In addition, prochloraz had no obvious cross-resistance with boscalid, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, and pyrimethanil. In conclusion, prochloraz has great potential for controlling gray mold in P. ginseng, and the resistance risk of B. cinerea to prochloraz is low.

关 键 词：人参 灰霉病 咪鲜胺 抗药性 风险评估 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]