中药煎煮的化学反应机制研究现状  

Chemical reaction mechanism of decoction of traditional Chinese medicines: a review

作　　者：赖长江生[1] 陈泽炎 邱子栋 陈友润 王重阳 梅南菊 刘锦芮 LAI Chang-jiang-sheng;CHEN Ze-yan;QIU Zi-dong;CHEN You-run;WANG Chong-yang;MEI Nan-ju;LIU Jin-rui(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第4期890-899,共10页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82074012,82104380);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ13-YQ-090-C1);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A05051)。

摘　　要：中药化学成分复杂,在煎煮过程中会发生复杂的化学反应,显著影响中药的安全性、有效性及质量可控性,因此阐明中药煎煮的化学反应机制尤为重要。该文归纳分析了中药煎煮过程中典型的化学反应,包括取代反应、氧化还原反应、异构化/立体选择反应、络合反应、中药超分子反应等8种反应类型。通过典型的乌头碱“减毒增效”等系列示范案例,系统展示了中药煎煮反应的研究进展,有助于厘清这一复杂体系中关键化学成分的变化机制,从而更加有效地指导生产过程中科学制药和临床使用过程中安全合理用药。该文对当前中药煎煮反应机制的研究方法也进行了总结,并加以对比分析。发现新颖的中药煎煮体系实时分析装置具有无需样品预处理、高效、快速、简便的优点,为中药复杂煎煮体系的分析提供了可靠的解决方案,在中药的质量评价及控制研究中展现了巨大的潜力,有望成为基础性、示范性的研究工具,可推进该领域研究的深度和广度。Complicated chemical reactions occur in the decoction of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) which features complex components, influencing the safety, efficacy, and quality controllability of TCMs. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the chemical reaction mechanism of TCMs in the decoction. This study summarized eight typical chemical reactions in the decoction of TCMs, such as substitution reaction, redox reaction, isomerization/stereoselective reaction, complexation, and supramolecular reaction. With the "toxicity attenuation and efficiency enhancement" of aconitines and other examples, this study reviewed the reactions in decoction of TCMs, which was expected to clarify the variation mechanisms of key chemical components in this process and to help guide medicine preparation and safe and rational use of medicine in clinical settings. The current main research methods for chemical reaction mechanisms of decoction of TCMs were also summed up and compared. The novel real-time analysis device of decoction system for TCMs was found to be efficient and simple without the pre-treatment of samples. This device provides a promising solution, which has great potential in quantity evaluation and control of TCMs. Moreover, it is expected to become a foundational and exemplary research tool, which can advance the research in this field.

关 键 词：中药煎煮 化学反应机制 电喷雾电离质谱 自组装作用 乌头碱 人参 

分 类 号：R283.1[医药卫生—中药学]