牦牛排泄物输入对滇西北高寒泥炭沼泽湿地土壤氮转化的影响  

Effects of yak excreta addition on nitrogen transformation in alpine peatland soil in northwestern Yunnan Province

作　　者：范峰华 王雪 张昆[1,2,3] 郑荣波 郭雪莲[1,2,3] FAN Fenghua;WANG Xue;ZHANG Kun;ZHENG Rongbo;GUO Xuelian(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Kunming 650224,China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;National Plateau Wetlands Research Center,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学,昆明650224 [3]国家高原湿地研究中心,昆明650224

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第3期584-590,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41563008);云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室开放基金(202105AG070002);云南省院士专家工作站项目(2019IC012)资助。

摘　　要：牦牛放牧对滇西北高寒湿地土壤环境产生严重影响,改变土壤氮的迁移转化过程,影响湿地生态系统初级生产。然而,关于牦牛排泄物输入对滇西北高寒泥炭沼泽湿地土壤氮转化过程的影响尚不清楚。本研究以滇西北高原典型泥炭沼泽湿地为对象,采用原位土芯室内控制实验方法,研究牦牛排泄物输入对泥炭沼泽湿地土壤氮转化的影响。结果表明,粪便和尿液输入初期促进土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)积累,但整个培养期则表现为消耗NH_(4)^(+)-N,积累硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N),表明该过程以硝化作用为主。粪便和尿液输入提高土壤脲酶活性(P<0.05),降低反硝化酶活性(P<0.05)。粪便输入提高过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05)和N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05),尿液输入降低N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性(P<0.05)。粪便输入对土壤的矿化和硝化作用无显著性影响,尿液输入对土壤硝化作用影响显著。粪便输入抑制土壤反硝化作用,而尿液输入促进反硝化作用。牦牛排泄物输入通过影响泥炭沼泽湿地土壤理化性质和酶活性,改变土壤反硝化过程。Yak grazing could significantly affect soil environments by changing the transformation and transportation of soil nitrogen,with consequences on primary production of alpine wetland ecosystems.However,little is known about the effects of yak excreta addition on soil nitrogen transformation in peatlands of northwestern Yunnan.In this study,the effects of yak excreta addition on nitrogen transformation of peatland soil was measured in a controlled experiment using soil cores collected from a typical peatland in northwestern Yunnan.The results showed that the addition of yak dung and urine promoted the accumulation of NH_(4)^(+)-N at the early stage.The NH_(4)^(+)-N content was reduced in peatland soil with excreta addition during the whole incubation,but the NO_(3)^(-)-N content was increased,indicating that nitrification was the dominant process.The addition of dung and urine significantly increased urease activity in peatland soil,but reduced denitrifying enzyme activity(P<0.05).The addition of dung enhanced the activities of catalase and N-acetylglucosaminidase(P<0.05),while the addition of urine inhibited the activity of N-acetylglucosaminidase(P<0.05).The effects of dung addition did not affect nitrogen mineralization and nitrification(P>0.05),but urine addition significantly affect nitrification during the incubation(P<0.05).Dung addition inhibited,but urine addition promoted denitrification during the incubation.Changes in soil physicochemical pro-perties and enzyme activities with yak excreta addition play an important role in altering denitrification in peatland soil.

关 键 词：排泄物输入 泥炭沼泽湿地 矿化作用 硝化作用 反硝化作用 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]