聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂对谷子光合特性、氮素利用率及产量的影响  

Effects of polyaspartic acid and chitosan copolymer on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield of foxtail millet

作　　者：王琦 许艳丽[1] 闫鹏 董好胜 张薇 卢霖[1] 董志强[1] WANG Qi;XU Yanli;YAN Peng;DONG Haosheng;ZHANG Wei;LU Lin;DONG Zhiqiang(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第3期643-652,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001703,2020YFD1000801)资助。

摘　　要：为探究全基施背景下聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂(polyaspartic acid-chitosan,PAC)对东北春谷光合特性、氮肥利用效率及产量的调控效应,本研究以“张杂谷13号”和“华优谷9号”为材料,于2020年和2021年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所公主岭试验站开展裂区试验,以PAC为主区处理,不同氮肥施用量为副区处理,共设置0、75、112.5、150、225和337.5 kg·hm^(-2)6个氮肥水平。结果表明:相同施氮量下,与常规氮肥处理相比,PAC配施氮肥处理显著提高了2个谷子品种氮肥表观利用率,增大了叶面积指数和花后旗叶SPAD值,显著提高花期及灌浆中期旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度,降低旗叶胞间CO_(2)浓度,促进干物质积累,提高产量;张杂谷13号在2020年和2021年的产量增幅分别为11.24%~21.55%和8.65%~14.22%,华优谷9号两年的产量增幅分别为5.53%~15.75%和10.43%~16.17%;PAC有效缓解了全基施施肥方式造成的谷子生育后期脱氮早衰,减少了由于氮肥利用效率低下造成的氮素流失;PAC配合氮肥全基施可作为一项绿色、增产、增效的栽培技术应用于我国谷子生产。To investigate the effect of polyaspartic acid-chitosan(PAC)on photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield of spring foxtail millet under the background of one-time basic fertilizer application,an experiment following split plot design was conducted using foxtail millet varieties of“Zhangzagu 13”(Z13)and“Huayougu 9”(H9)in Gongzhuling Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2020 and 2021.PAC and different nitrogen application levels were main treatment and secondary treatment,respectively.There were six nitrogen application levels(0,75,112.5,150,225,and 337.5 kg·hm^(-2)).The results showed that PAC improved apparent efficiency of applied nitrogen for both foxtail millet varieties under the same nitrogen application level.The leaf area index and SPAD value of flag leaf in 0-40 days after anthesis were higher than those of the control.PAC application increased photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and conductance to H2O,but significantly decreased intercellular CO_(2)concentration of flag leaf at anthesis and mid-filling stage,which could promote dry matter accumulation and yield.The yield of Z13 was increased by 11.24%-21.55%in 2020 and 8.65%-14.22%in 2021,and that of H9 was increased by 5.53%-15.75%and 10.43%-16.17%in 2020 and 2021,respectively.PAC application effectively relieved nitrogen deficiency and plant premature senescence resulted from one-time basic fertilizer application during the late growth period of foxtail millet,and reduced nitrogen loss caused by low nitrogen use efficiency.Therefore,PAC combined with nitrogen fertilizer application could be used as a green,high-yielding,and high-efficiency cultivation technique in foxtail millet production in China.

关 键 词：谷子 聚天门冬氨酸和壳聚糖复配剂 光合特性 氮肥利用效率 产量 全基施 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]