2020年中国1-13岁儿童脑膜炎球菌疫苗接种率调查  

Meningococcal vaccine coverage among children 1-13 years of age in China:a cross-sectional survey in 2020

作　　者：胡莹雪 陈娅妮 王顺利 曹雷[1] 李艺星[1] 吴丹[1] 郑徽[1] 安志杰[1] Hu Yingxue;Chen Yani;Wang Shunli;Cao Lei;Li Yixing;Wu Dan;Zheng Hui;An Zhijie(National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2023年第1期13-18,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制的运行(131031001000200001)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国儿童脑膜炎球菌疫苗(Meningococcal vaccine,MenV)接种率。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法在中国120个国家级监测县选择1-13岁(2008-2019年出生)儿童开展MenV接种问卷调查,分析1-13岁儿童第1剂次和第2剂次、4-13岁儿童第3剂次、7-13岁儿童第4剂次MenV(MenV1、MenV2、MenV3和MenV4)接种率和非免疫规划(Expanded Program on Immunization,EPI)疫苗对EPI疫苗替代率。结果调查儿童MenV1、MenV2、MenV3、MenV4接种率分别为95.66%(18892/19749)、92.79%(18326/19749)、89.41%(12087/13518)、76.98%(6148/7987)。在MenV1、MenV2、MenV3、MenV4接种剂次数中,非EPI疫苗对EPI疫苗替代率分别为7.00%、8.08%、13.49%、12.51%;总替代率为9.60%,从2008年出生儿童的7.17%上升至2019年出生儿童的15.33%(趋势Z=13.20,P<0.001)。结论调查儿童MenV1和MenV2接种率较高而MenV3和MenV4接种率偏低,非EPI疫苗对EPI疫苗替代率呈上升趋势。需加强适龄儿童MenV常规免疫以及入学预防接种证查验和疫苗补种工作。Objective To explore meningococcal vaccine(MenV)coverage among children in China.Methods We used a multi-stage cluster random sampling strategy to select children 1-13 years of age(born between 2008 and 2019)in 120 national monitoring counties for a questionnaire-based survey of MenV administration to determine first and second dose(MenV1,MenV2)coverage levels in 1-13-yearolds,third dose(MenV3)coverage in 4-13-year-olds,and fourth dose(MenV4)coverage in 7-13-year-olds,and rates at which non-Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI)MenV replaced EPI MenV.Results MenV1,MenV2,MenV3,and MenV4coverage levels were 95.66%(18892/19749),92.79%(18326/19749),89.41%(12087/13518),and 76.98%(6148/7987),respectively.Among the MenV1,MenV2,MenV3,and MenV4doses administered,7.00%,8.08%,13.49%,and 12.51%were non-EPI MenV doses that replaced EPI MenV doses.The overall replacement rate was 9.60%,and increased from 7.17%among children born in 2008 to 15.33%among children born in 2019(trend Z=13.20,P<0.001).Conclusions MenV1 and MenV2 coverage levels were high but coverage of MenV3 and MenV4 was low.The rate at which non-EPI MenV replaced EPI MenV increased over time.We should strengthen routine MenV vaccination of age-eligible children and strengthen school entry vaccination certificate examination to identify and vaccinate children missing one or more of their recommended doses.

关 键 词：免疫规划 脑膜炎球菌疫苗 预防接种 接种率 替代 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.62[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]