铪元素及其同位素的发现:技术进步和思想发展的共同结晶  

Discovery of Hafnium and Its Isotopes:The Common Crystallization of Technological Progress and Ideological Development

作　　者：达璇 袁振东[1] Da Xuan;Yuan Zhendong(Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《化学通报》2023年第3期370-376,共7页Chemistry

摘　　要：1869年,门捷列夫在第一张元素周期表中的锆元素后留出原子量为180的元素位置,预测铪与锆同族。1913年,原子序数和莫斯莱定律的提出揭示了铪元素在周期表中位置排列的实质,为铪元素的发现提供理论基础。20世纪20年代,玻尔理论的发展证实铪与锆同族,指导科学家从锆矿石中寻找铪元素。1923年,赫维西和科斯特借助X射线光谱技术发现铪元素,彰显了X射线光谱技术的独特价值。20世纪30年代以后,同位素理论和质谱技术促成了铪同位素的发现,使人们对铪元素有了新的认识。总之,铪元素及其同位素的发现是技术进步和思想发展的共同结晶。In 1869,Mendeleev set aside an element position with atomic weight of 180 after zirconium in the first periodic table and predicted that hafnium and zirconium are of the same family.In 1913,the atomic number and Moseley’s law revealed the essence of the position arrangement of hafnium in the periodic table,which provided a theoretical basis for the discovery of hafnium.In the 1920s,the development of Bohr’s theory confirmed that hafnium and zirconium belong to the same family,and guided scientists to search for hafnium from zirconium ores.In 1923,Hevesy and Coster discovered hafnium element with the help of X-ray spectroscopy,which demonstrated the unique value of X-ray spectroscopy.After the 1930s,isotope theory and mass spectrometry technology contributed to the discovery of hafnium isotopes,which made people have a new understanding of hafnium.In short,the discovery of hafnium and its isotopes is the common crystallization of technological progress and ideological development.

关 键 词：铪元素 铪同位素 技术进步 思想发展 

分 类 号：O614.413[理学—无机化学]