饲料磷含量和补气方式对养殖硬头鳟生长和骨骼组成的影响  

Effects of Dietary Phosphorus Content and Air Supplementation Method on Growth and Skeleton Composition of Steelhead Trout

作　　者：余剑非 董暄 董云伟[1,3] 高勤峰 周演根[1] Yu Jianfei;Dong Xuan;Dong Yunwei;Gao Qinfeng;Zhou Yangen(Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期18-24,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2019YFD0901000);国家自然科学基金项目(31872575,U1906206);山东省重大农业应用技术创新项目(SD2019YY006)资助。

摘　　要：长期下潜养殖的硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)会出现脊椎畸形,这与饲料中磷不足表现的症状相同。为查明饲料磷含量对下潜养殖硬头鳟生长和骨骼组成的影响,本实验设计了3种不同磷含量的饲料P1、P2、P3(磷含量分别为0.65%、1.40%、2.15%)和3种补气方式(对照组为不添加任何补气装置,网罩组为在水中增加网罩,补气组为在网罩组基础上在水中添加鱼鳔补气罩和气石),实验鱼的初始体质量为(75.01±1.36)g,养殖持续70 d。研究表明,随着饲料中磷含量的提高,硬头鳟的各项生长指标并未得到改善,反而均显著降低,高磷饲料(P3)导致硬头鳟的死亡率接近50%。在饲料的相同磷含量下,网罩组和补气组的骨骼灰分均显著高于对照组,说明长期下潜养殖导致硬头鳟骨骼矿化程度加深,且增设补气设备无法缓解这一现象。在本实验所设计饲料的磷含量范围内,未使其生长和骨骼发育状态得到恢复,表明长期下潜养殖的硬头鳟骨骼矿化程度的增加不是饲料中磷的缺乏或过量所导致的。The skeletal deformity of steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) exists always in long-term submerged culture.Its appearance is similar to the of phosphorus(P) deficiency in feed.In order to investigate the effects of dietary phosphorus content and air supplementations method on the growth and skeleton composition of steelhead trout,three dietary phosphorus levels(0.65%,1.40% and 2.15%,abbreviated as P1,P2 and P3,respectively) were offered and three kinds of facilities were designed,tank with air stones(Control),the mesh keeping the experimental fish from water surface and airs tones above mesh(M),and air replenisher with air stones under mesh(R).Juvenile steelhead trout((75.01±1.36) g in body weight) were cultured for 70 days.The results showed that the growth of steelhead trout was not improved.Instead,the growth significantly decreased with the increase of dietary P content.The mortality rate of steelhead trout fed P3 was approximately 50%.At the same dietary phosphorus level,ash content of bone in M and R groups was significantly higher than that in control,indicating that long-term submergence increased bone mineralization of steelhead trout.This phenomenon cannot be alleviated by air supplementation.Additionally,within the range of dietary phosphorus tested in this study,the growth and skeletal development of steelhead trout in M group did not recover,indicating that the decreased growth and the increased bone mineralization in long-term submergence are not due to either lacking or excessing of phosphorus in diet.

关 键 词：硬头鳟 骨骼 磷 补气方式 饲料 生长 

分 类 号：S965.232[农业科学—水产养殖]