东山湾及其邻近海域游泳动物群落结构的年代际差异性  

Differences in Community Structure of Nekton in the Coastal Waters of Dongshan Bay Between Generations

作　　者：官莹 宋普庆 王良明 张琥顺 李海 李渊 林龙山 Guan Ying;Song Puqing;Wang Liangming;Zhang Hushun;Li Hai;Li Yuan;Lin Longshan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen 361005,China;Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Straits,Ministry of Natural Resources,Zhangzhou 363000,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]自然资源部第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [3]自然资源部海峡西岸海岛海岸带生态系统野外观测研究站,福建漳州363000 [4]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [5]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期31-42,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFC1406302);自然资源部第三海洋研究所基本科研费专项(2019017,2019018)资助。

摘　　要：为了解东山湾及其邻近海域游泳动物群落的年代变化特征,根据2008年11月、2009年5月、2018年4月和11月在东山湾及其邻近海域进行的4个航次底拖网调查数据,对该海域游泳动物种类组成、优势种、多样性特征及群落结构进行研究。结果表明:2008年秋季捕获90种游泳动物,2009年春季捕获67种游泳动物,优势种为中颌棱鳀、林氏团扇鳐、短蛸等;2018年春季捕捞61种游泳动物,秋季捕获87种游泳动物,优势种为中颌棱鳀、林氏团扇鳐及青鳞小沙丁鱼等。多样性结果显示:东山湾及其邻近海域丰富度指数(D)、多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)的变化范围在2008—2009年分别为0.32~4.25、0.58~2.67和0.19~0.99,在2018年分别为0.28~4.08、0.12~2.65和0.11~0.77。2008—2009年数量优势度曲线与生物量优势度曲线呈相交状态,而2018年数量优势度曲线分布于生物量优势度曲线之上,表明2008—2018年间该海域游泳动物群落结构受到外界扰动较多。聚类结果显示,东山湾游泳动物群落分为湾内和湾口2个群组,群组间差异的分歧种存在明显年代变化。研究发现相较于10年前,2018年东山湾游泳动物的资源量有所恢复,但游泳动物群落组成已经发生了较大的变化。本研究结果可为类似海域游泳动物多样性和群落结构研究提供参考,也可为研究海域渔业资源开发、利用与养护等政策的制定提供科学依据。Based on the nekton data from bottom trawling in Dongshan Bay in November 2008,May 2009,April 2018,and November 2018,the species composition,dominant species,and community structure were studied.The results showed that 90 species of nekton were captured in autumn and 67 species in spring in 2008—2009,and the dominant species were Thryssa mystax,Platyrhina limboonkengi,Octopus ocellatus,etc.In 2018,61 species of nekton were captured in spring and 87 species in autumn,and the dominant species were Thryssa mystax,Platyrhina limboonkengi and Sardinella zunas,etc.The values of Margalef′s species richness index(D),Shannon-Wiener diversity(H′)and Pielou′s evenness index(J′) in Dongshan Bay and its adjacent waters ranged from 0.32 to 4.25,0.58 to 2.67 and 0.19 to 0.99 in 2008—2009,and from 0.28 to 4.08,0.12 to 2.65,and 0.11 to 077 in 2018.The abundance dominance curve intersected the biomass dominance curve in 2008—2009 and was above on the biomass dominance curve in 2018,which indicated that the community structure in this area was affected by external disturbances during the decade.Cluster analysis divides the nekton community into the inner bay group and the bay mouth group,and the species responsible for the community difference changed significantly over the decade.Although the resources of nekton in Dongshan Bay had recovered somewhat,the community composition of nekton had changed greatly.The results of this research can provide not only a reference for the study of diversity of nekton communities in similar sea areas,but also a scientific basis for the formulation of policies in the development,utilization and conservation of fishery stocks in this sea waters.

关 键 词：游泳动物 优势种 群落结构 东山湾 年代差异 数量生物量比较曲线 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]