新型负刚度超材料吸能结构的设计与优化  

Design and optimization of a new energy absorbing structure with negative stiffness metamaterial

作　　者：潘怡 王萌[1,2] 周阳[1] 李雪梅 孙蓓蓓 PAN Yi;WANG Meng;ZHOU Yang;LI Xuemei;SUN Beibei(College of Mechanical Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学机械工程学院,南京211189 [2]上海卫星工程研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第6期180-187,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFB2006404);江苏省工业和信息产业转型升级转型资金项目(7602006021)。

摘　　要：为了提高负刚度超材料的吸能特性,提出了一种加固圆柱形负刚度超材料结构;它由圆柱面斜梁单元和内部周期性平面斜梁单元组成,其吸能性能主要通过斜梁单元的负刚度特性实现。通过理论解析和有限元分析对结构的力学性能进行研究,结果表明斜梁单元高厚比值越大结构的负刚度和双稳态性能越明显且两种斜梁单元的高厚比取值越接近结构稳定性越好;同时通过与空心圆柱形负刚度超材料结构的对比,证实了加固结构提高了空间利用率以及增强了吸能效果。最后以航天器非火工分离装置为应用背景,基于Kriging代理模型对所提出的新型负刚度超材料吸能结构进行了优化设计,总吸能水平和单位吸能水平均相对增长了20.47%。To improve the energy absorption characteristics of negative stiffness metamaterials,a reinforced cylindrical negative stiffness metamaterial structure was proposed,which was composed of cylindrical inclined beam elements and internal periodic plane inclined beam elements.Its energy absorption performance was mainly realized by the negative stiffness of the inclined beam elements.The mechanical properties of the structure were studied by theoretical analysis and finite element analysis.The results show that the greater the ratio of height to thickness of the inclined beam elements is,the more obvious the negative stiffness and bi-stable performance of the structure are,and the closer the ratios of height to thickness of the two inclined beam elements are,the better the stability of the structure is.At the same time,compared with the hollow cylindrical metamaterial structure with negative stiffness,it is confirmed that the reinforced structure improves the space utilization rate and energy absorption effect.Finally,taking the non-explosive separation device of a spacecraft as the application background,the novel negative stiffness metamaterial energy absorbing structure was optimized based on the Kriging agent model.The total energy absorption level and unit energy absorption level are all increased by 20.47%.

关 键 词：加固圆柱形结构 负刚度超材料 斜梁单元 吸能 优化 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3