山地草甸草地植物与昆虫多样性对放牧强度的响应  

The Responses of Mountain Meadow Plant and Insect Diversity to Grazing Intensity

作　　者：苏比努尔·吾麦尔江 吐尔逊娜依·热依木[2] 于昭文 夏停停 史学书 刘桂松 叶尔克江·库腊勒贝克 牙森·沙力[3] Subinuer Wumaierjiang;Tuersunnayi Reyimu;YU Zhaowen;XIA Tingting;SHI Xueshu;LIU Guisong;Yeerkejiang Kulalebeike;Yasen Shali(College of Grass Industry,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Life Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业大学生命科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2023年第3期20-29,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960338);科技部基础资源调查专项新疆主要草原生态修复区有害昆虫多样性调查(2019FY100404)。

摘　　要：以天山北坡中段山地草甸草地作为研究区域,设置对照区、轻度放牧区和重度放牧区3个不同放牧强度,通过野外植被和昆虫取样方法分析不同放牧强度下植物群落特征、植物多样性指数、昆虫群落特征及昆虫多样性指数,从而探讨山地草甸草地植物与昆虫多样性对放牧的响应。结果表明:随着放牧强度的增加,植物群落高度、盖度和密度均呈现出先增加后下降趋势而植物地上生物量呈现出逐渐下降趋势。植物Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Simpson指数均呈现出下降趋势,在对照区出现最高值(P<0.05)。昆虫种群总密度在6、7、8月随放牧强度增加呈现出先增加后下降趋势,表现为轻度放牧区>对照区>重度放牧区;在6月轻度放牧条件下出现最高峰值。草地昆虫Shannon-Wiener指数6、7、8月呈现出先增加后下降变化趋势,表现为轻度放牧区>对照区>重度放牧区。植物群落特征与昆虫群落特征的相关性分析表明,植物盖度、密度与昆虫总数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),植物密度与昆虫Shannon-Wiener指数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。植物地上生物量与昆虫总数量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与昆虫Simpson指数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)、与昆虫Pielou指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,轻度放牧会明显增加草地昆虫种群密度和昆虫多样性。To investigate the responses of mountain meadow plant and insect diversity to grazing in the middle section of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains,the characteristics of plant and insect communities,and their diversity indices were analyzed using field sampling methods under three different grazing intensities,including control,light grazing and heavy grazing.The results showed that with an increase in grazing intensity,the height,coverage,and density of the plant community exhibited an initially increasing and then decreasing trend,while the aboveground biomass of plants gradually decreased.The Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index,and Simpson index of plants showed a downward trend,with the highest values observed in the control area(P<0.05).The total density of insect populations and Shannon-Wiener index showed an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend in June,July,and August,with the light grazing treatment showing the highest values,followed by the control group and heavy grazing treatment.The correlation analysis between the characteristics of plant and insect communities indicated significant positive correlation between plant coverage,density and the total number of insects(P<0.01).On the other hand,plant density showed significant negative correlation with the Shannon-Wiener index(P<0.01).The aboveground biomass of plants was positively correlated with the total number of insects(P<0.05)and Simpson index(P<0.01),while it was negatively correlated with the Pielou index(P<0.05).In conclusion,light grazing can significantly increase the insect population density and insect diversity in the study area.

关 键 词：放牧强度 山地草甸草地 植物多样性 草地昆虫多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]